Page 232 - An Introduction to Political Communication Fifth Edition

Intro to Politics Communication (5th edn)-p.qxp 9/2/11 10:55 Page 211

NOTES

strongly in favour of the Conservatives. Never has their attack on the Labour
Party been so comprehensive. . . . This was how the election was won’ (quoted in
Butler and Kavanagh, 1992, p. 208).
5 M. Linton, ‘Sun-powered Politics’, Guardian, 30 October 1995.
6 In which a senior British police officer commissioned to investigate ‘shoot to kill’
allegations against the Royal Ulster Constabulary in Northern Ireland claimed to
have been the victim of a ‘dirty tricks’ campaign by the security forces to discredit
him.
7 For a discussion of ‘soundbite’ news see Hallin, 1997.

5 THE MEDIA AS POLITICAL ACTORS
1 James Curran and his colleagues at Goldsmith’s College, London, detailed
examples of press coverage of the ‘Loony Left’ in their documentary Loony Times
(BBC2, 1988).
2 T. Sebastian, ‘Dialogue with the Kremlin’, Sunday Times, 2 February 1992.
3 The Sun, 28 October 1993.
4 Martin Jacques was throughout the 1980s a leading figure in the British
Communist Party, and editor of its theoretical journal, Marxism Today.
5 O. Burkeman, ‘The new commentariat’, Guardian, 17 November 2005.
6 G. Younge, ‘Such a tease’, Guardian, 1 October 2005.

6 PARTY POLITICAL COMMUNICATION I: ADVERTISING
1 For a discussion of the ‘best’ moments in the history of UK political poster adver-
tising see Armstrong, S., ‘General Election 2010: The best ad campaigns’,
Guardian, May 10 2010 (http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2010/may/10/general-
election-2010-advertising).
2 Bloxham, A., ‘General Election 2010: Anti-Cameron posters proliferate’. http://
www.telegraph.co.uk/news/election-2010/7624940/General-Election-2010-anti-
Cameron-posters- proliferate.html.
3 MacAskill, E., ‘Battle of the billions: most expensive US election raises questions
over influence’, Guardian, June 9 2010.
4 Kaid defines it as ‘the process by which a source (usually a political candidate or
party) purchases the opportunity to expose receivers through mass channels to
political messages with the intended effect of influencing their political attitudes,
beliefs, and/or behaviour (1981, p. 250).
5 The ad was directed by Ridley Scott for Collett, Dickinson and Pearce.
6 The general functions of political advertising are listed by Devlin as:
(a) increasing the public’s identification of a candidate; (b) swaying the small,
but crucial segment of the voters who are ‘floating’, or undecided; (c)
reinforcing support for a party or candidate; (d) attacking opponents; and
(e) raising money (1986).
7 Patterson, O., ‘The red phone in black and white’, New York Times, March 11
2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/11/opinion/11patterson.html. The spot,
and a number of spoofs of it, can be viewed on YouTube, at http://www.you
tube.com/watch?v=7yr7odFUARg.
8 S. Richards, ‘Interview: Clare Short’, New Statesman, 9 August 1996.
9 Three-Minute Culture, BBC2, 29 January 1989.
10 For an account of Livingstone’s political development and emergence as GLC
leader, see Carvel, 1984.

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