Page 250 - An Introduction to Political Communication Third Edition

NOTES

8 The political cartoon created by American artist Garry Trudeau.
9 The satirical puppet show produced by Central Television for the ITV
network.

4 THE POLITICAL MEDIA
1 For a detailed discussion of the current state of the British journalistic
media, press and broadcasting, national and regional, see McNair, 2003,
especially Chapters 5–9. See also Watts, 1997.
2 M. Woolacott, ‘When Invisibility Means Death’, Guardian, 27 April
1996.
3 Robert Worcester’s study of the 1992 election indicates that, at the time,
only 32 per cent of the Star’s readers supported the Conservatives, as
opposed to 53 per cent who supported Labour (1994, p. 25).
4 Lord McAlpine stated his view that ‘the heroes of this campaign were
Sir David English, Sir Nicholas Lloyd, Kelvin MacKenzie and the other
editors of the grander Tory press. Never in the past nine elections have
they come out so strongly in favour of the Conservatives. Never has their
attack on the Labour Party been so comprehensive. . . . This was how the
election was won’ (quoted in Butler and Kavanagh, 1992, p. 208).
5 M. Linton, ‘Sun-powered Politics’, Guardian, 30 October 1995.
6 In which a senior British police officer commissioned to investigate
‘shoot to kill’ allegations against the Royal Ulster Constabulary in
Northern Ireland claimed to have been the victim of a ‘dirty tricks’
campaign by the security forces to discredit him.
7 The Future of the BBC: Serving the Nation, Competing Worldwide,
London, HMSO, 1994.
8 For a discussion of ‘soundbite’ news see Hallin, 1997.

5 THE MEDIA AS POLITICAL ACTORS
1 James Curran and his colleagues at Goldsmith’s College, London,
detailed examples of press coverage of the ‘Loony Left’ in their
documentary Loony Times (BBC2, 1988).
2 T. Sebastian, ‘Dialogue with the Kremlin’, Sunday Times, 2 February
1992.
3 The Sun, 28 October 1993.
4 Martin Jacques was throughout the 1980s a leading figure in the British
Communist Party, and editor of its theoretical journal, Marxism Today.

6 PARTY POLITICAL COMMUNICATION I: ADVERTISING
1 Kaid defines it as ‘the process by which a source (usually a political
candidate or party) purchases the opportunity to expose receivers
through mass channels to political messages with the intended effect
of influencing their political attitudes, beliefs, and/or behaviour (1981,
p. 250).
2 The ad was directed by Ridley Scott for Collett, Dickinson and Pearce.
3 The general functions of political advertising are listed by Devlin as:
(a) increasing the public’s identification of a candidate; (b) swaying the

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