Page 75 - Analysis and Design of Energy Geostructures

Energy geostructures 45

may be considered to contribute to the most significant modern urban renovation of
the city of Paris following that introduced by Haussmann during the mid-19th cen-
tury, has caused a major increase in the designs for future applications of energy walls
and energy tunnels.

2.6.2 Application and development examples based on a
literature survey

In the following a state of the art of the application and development of energy geos-
tructures worldwide is presented. This review does not claim to be comprehensive of
all the actual applications and features of energy geostructures worldwide. However, it
is considered to be useful to assess remarkable features of energy geostructure projects
constructed around the world.
The presented review is based on the results of (1) a survey targeting international
practitioner companies involved with the construction of energy geostructures (2) data
obtained from a literature review about the number of applications and features of
constructed energy geostructures for operational purposes and (3) complementary
results published by Di Donna et al. (2017) while the previous activities were carried
out. The survey was carried out through a questionnaire sent between September
2016 and July 2017 to the following companies (listed in alphabetical order): Amstein
et Walthert SA (Switzerland), Borel Energy Consulting (Switzerland), Bilfinger Berger
(Germany), Caverion (Finland), Cementation Skanska (United Kingdom), Enercret
(Austria), GI-Energy (United States), Géothermie Professionnelle (France), Ruukki
(Finland), Sacyr Industrial (Spain), Soletanche Bachy (France) and Tecnoservice Eng.
(Switzerland). The questionnaire was divided into two parts of increasing detail and
was written in English and French. A summary of the English version of this question-
naire is presented in Appendix A.
Based on the integration of the previous information, the considered state of the
art includes a dataset about the following energy geostructure projects (latest update
June 2018):
• 157 projects of energy piles;
• 17 projects of energy walls;
• 7 projects of energy slabs; and
• 11 projects of energy tunnels.
In the following, some of the results of the discussed state of the art are proposed.
Additional data can be found in the work of Di Donna et al. (2017).
Fig. 2.11A presents the cumulative number of energy geostructure projects con-
structed around the world. The construction of energy geostructures is increasing
remarkably, with a predominant application of energy piles that is followed by applica-
tions of energy walls and energy tunnels. Fig. 2.11B shows the carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
savings associated with the available projects constructed worldwide. The significance