Page 10 - Antennas for Base Stations in Wireless Communications

Contents ix

Chapter 5. Antenna Issues and Technologies for
Enhancing System Capacity 177
5.1 Introduction 177
5.1.1 Mobile Communications in Japan 177
5.1.2 Wireless Access System 179
5.2. Design Considerations for Antennas from
a Systems Point of View 182
5.3 Case Studies 184
5.3.1 Slim Antenna 184
5.3.2 Narrow HPBW Antenna with Parasitic Metal Conductors 188
5.3.3 SpotCell (Micro-Cell) Antenna 194
5.3.4 Booster Antenna 196
5.3.5 Control of Vertical Radiation Pattern 196
5.4 Conclusion 202
References 202

Chapter 6. New Unidirectional Antennas for
Various Wireless Base Stations 205
6.1 Introduction 205
6.2 Patch Antennas 207
6.2.1 Twin L-Shaped Probes Fed Patch Antenna 207
6.2.2 Meandering-Probe Fed Patch Antenna 210
6.2.3 Differential-Plate Fed Patch Antenna 212
6.3 Complementary Antennas Composed of an
Electric Dipole and a Magnetic Dipole 219
6.3.1 Basic Principle 220
6.3.2 Complementary Antennas Composed
of Slot Antenna and Parasitic Wires 221
6.3.3 Complementary Antennas with a Slot
Antenna and a Conical Monopole 221
6.3.4 New Wideband Unidirectional Antenna Element 222
6.4 Conclusion 236
6.5 Acknowledgment 237
References 237

Chapter 7. Antennas for WLAN (WiFi) Applications 241
7.1 Introduction 241
7.1.1 WLAN (WiFi) 241
7.1.2 MIMO in WLANs 243
7.2 Design Considerations for Antennas 245
7.2.1 Materials, Fabrication Process, Time to Market,
Deployment, and Installation 246
7.2.2 MIMO Antenna System Design Considerations 249
7.3 State-of-the-Art Designs 255
7.3.1 Outdoor Point-to-Point Antennas 255
7.3.2 Outdoor Point-to-Multiple-Point Antennas 260
7.3.3 Indoor Point-to-Multiple Point Antennas 260
7.4 Case Studies 264
7.4.1 Indoor P2MP Embedded Antenna 265
7.4.2 Outdoor P2P Antenna Array 270
7.4.3 Dual-Band Outdoor P2P Antenna Array 270
7.4.4 Outdoor P2P Diversity Grid Antenna Array 276