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148 Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

Fig. 6.2 Screen visualizations, one as a point cloud with body measurement locations indicated
with lines and another as a triangulated and surfaced figure. Simulated lighting of the surfaced
figure creates shadows that provide a visual reference to the 3-D shape.

the subject being scanned, addressing appropriate scan clothing, posture, breathing,
and body sway (Brunsman et al., 1997; Mckinnon and Istook, 2002; Daanen et al.,
1997a; Kim et al., 2015).
The output of the scanner was dependent on how the scanner and the scan software
performed at many different stages of the process (appropriate calibration, reliable
data capture by the individual sensing devices, number of sensing devices, reliable
and valid integration of data from the multiple sensing devices into a 3-D model, valid
location of measurement points [body landmarks], valid combination of on-the-
surface and/or spanning of body prominences with the digital “tape measure,” and
valid choices on placing circumferential measurements that can either follow the body
shape or follow the axis of the torso or limbs or are taken parallel to the floor). How-
ever, few studies reported or addressed these issues but only compared the final mea-
surements from the scanner and their relationship with some version of corresponding
manual measurements. It is understandable that researchers neglected to include this
information, as the ability to examine many of these factors was not given to the user.