Page 156 - Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

Full body 3-D scanners 151

Fig. 6.5 Cross section of merged scans showing the relationship between body and clothing in
two dimensions. The inner slice is from a seminude scan; the outer slice is from the same person
in the same position wearing a cooling vest (Branson et al., 2005).

reflected garment shapes instead of body shapes, but this is changing with modern
styles and materials that create clothing silhouettes that follow the curves of the body.
Dress forms made from 3-D scans are used in product development and fit analysis
(Haber, 2006) (see Fig. 6.6).
Body scans have also been used to examine body shape variation by assessing the
3-D shapes directly; for example, a lingerie company used 3-D scans to visually iden-
tify different bust shapes and configurations in the population. Using the method of
subjective analysis of the different shapes, designers analyzed which shape variations
had an impact on bra fit and made decisions about styles that are optimized for dif-
ferent women. Understanding bust shapes also made it possible to choose appropriate
fit models for the development of specific styles. This shape analysis, making judg-
ments from a visual assessment of the 3-D scan, can be very productive. Other means
of sorting the population into shape groups have been developed based on data from
3-D scans using powerful statistical analysis methods (Song and Ashdown, 2011).

6.3 Different technologies used in full-body scanners

A variety of technologies have been used in the development of body scanners, and
others are continually being introduced. However, the main distinctions among them
can be categorized by the light source (or in some cases, the use of nonvisible wave-
lengths) that interact with the sensors used to collect the data (Daanen and Ter Haar,
2013; D’Apuzzo, 2009). ANIWAA, a technology analysis and comparison company,
reviews and recommends scan technologies on their website (Lansard, 2018).
Although there are some inaccuracies in their listings (i.e., Vitronic is listed as a struc-
tured light technology instead of a laser light technology), this is a useful compilation