Page 146 - Applied Photovoltaics

(b) Outline the utility’s experiences with solar cells and its attitude
towards them.
(c) Is PV likely to play an increasingly or decreasingly important role in
your utility’s systems of the future?

(d) What problems does your utility face in using solar cells in your
country?
7.3 For a location at latitude 34°N, find the angle of solar array tilt that will
maximise a system’s output for November, using the approximate methods
outlined in the text. The average global radiation at this location, on a
2
horizontal surface in November, is 12 MJ/m /day, and the corresponding
2
figure for diffuse radiation is 4.1 MJ/m /day.
7.4 Design a stand-alone PV system for a location at latitude 23°N. The system is
to supply a constant load of 250 W at 48 V dc . Starting in January, the global
figures for radiation on a horizontal surface for the 12 months of the year are
(the numbers in parentheses are the corresponding figures for diffuse
radiation): 15.5 (3.2), 17.2 (4.2), 21.6 (4.0), 23.3 (6.0), 24.9 (7.0), 24.1 (8.8),
23.8 (8.9), 22.9 (8.1), 20.7 (7.3), 18.9 (4.8), 15.6 (4.7) and 14.5 (3.8)
2
MJ/m /day, respectively.

REFE RE NCES

Updated World Wide Web links can be found at www.pv.unsw.edu.au/apv_book_refs.
Ball, T. & Risser, V. (1988), ‘Stand-alone terrestrial photovoltaic power systems’,
Tutorial Notebook, 20th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Las Vegas, USA.

Chapman, R.N. (1987), ‘A simplified technique for designing least cost stand-alone
PV/storage systems’, Proc. 19th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, New
Orleans, pp. 1117–1121.
Durand, S. (1994), ‘Attaining a 30-year photovoltaic systems lifetime: The BOS
issues’, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 2, pp. 107–113.
Hammond, R., Srinivasan, D., Harris, A., Whitfield, K. & Wohlgemuth, J. (1997),
‘Effects of soiling on PV module and radiometer performance’, Proc. 26th IEEE
Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Anaheim, 30 September–3 October, IEEE, New
York, pp. 1121–1124.
Knaupp, W. (2003), ‘Optimizing system planning’, Photon International, Issue
9/2003, pp. 52–59.

Mack, M. (1979), ‘Solar power for telecommunications’, The Telecommunication
Journal of Australia, 29(1), pp. 20–44.

McKelliff, P. (2004), Personal communication regarding Telstra’s current PV use.
Meyer, T. (2004), ‘Photovoltaic energy: Stand-alone and grid-connected systems’, in
Cleveland, C. (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of Energy, 5, Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 35–
47.

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