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determined.





















































                                 Figure 1.14. Typical AM1 clear sky absorption and scattering of incident sunlight
                                 (Used with permission of McGraw-Hill Companies, Hu, C. & White, R.M. (1983),
                                 Solar Cells: From Basic to Advanced Systems, McGraw-Hill, New York.).

                                 As an aside, Eqn. (1.19) has been written independently of insolation
                                 wavelengths whereas, in reality, different wavelengths are attenuated to
                                 different degrees as empirically approximated by the expression (Hu &
                                 White, 1983)

                                                                        AM  . 0  678
                                                                 I   (Ȝ )
                                                I AMK  (Ȝ )    I AM 0 (Ȝ )  AM 1       (1.20)
                                                                 I  AM0 (Ȝ )



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