Page 142 - Artificial Intelligence for the Internet of Everything

128 Artificial Intelligence for the Internet of Everything

real-time data. Similarly a Cummins Engine is processing sensor data from an
engine to produce a model that reflects the performance and health of an
engine, another prime example of a real-time model.
Definition 2. Real-time models represent aspects of the world that are
continuously updated by real-time data.
We use the term “model” as shorthand for applications that maintain an
underlying model of the data available to them. Fig. 7.3 captures the discus-
sion so far to show potential inputs to a model.

7.5.3 Automation
If we look at the Nest thermostat, in addition to building a model it acts on
data by turning on and off the air-conditioner or the heater. Cummins
Engines analytics at this point in time notifies an operator who will then
act on the information provided to them. A key effect of automation is that
smart entities will learn routine behavior and automate it. In many instances,
such routine behavior is not very exciting, but is rather considered a “nui-
sance” activity.
Definition 3. Automation results from real-time models that are autho-
rized to act.
Automation takes on several forms and we list some of them in the fol-
lowing section.
Managing learned behavior. Suppose a model learned that every Tuesday
evening is pizza night. Suppose it also learned that a given family always
orders the same pizza. In that case the model can order the same pizza to
arrive at the usual time. To look at a more complex case, suppose that
the model also learned that the given family never orders pizza twice in a
row and that this family had pizza the night before. In that case the model
could ask for input, or perhaps act on some other learned behavior. Notice
that in this case the model acts on learned behavior as well as real-time data.

Other models

Human
Data Model
input
Fig. 7.3 A model and its potential inputs.