Page 101 - Artificial Intelligence in the Age of Neural Networks and Brain Computing

References 89

the old philosophical question: What is reality? The human brain is not only able to
perceive what is called objective reality, but also can create new reality. It is a
hermeneutic device.
“Can complexity scientists bridge, in the words of C. P. Snow, the two cultures of
academiadthe humanities and the sciencesdto create a more thoroughgoing
explanation of human cognition? Can the tools of hermeneutics, mathematics, and
computer simulation be integrated to assemble better and more useful models of
human social understanding than that currently exist? These are the two provocative
and ambitious questionsdthe former the broader, and the latter the more specificd
that frame the intent and focus of Klu ¨ver and Klu ¨ver’s recent book Social
Understanding,” see Refs. [52,53].
Somewhat parallelly with the arguments of this paperdthe action-perception
cycledhaving been motivated by Walter Freeman’s findings and theory [36,54]
Robert Kozma is working on understanding the neural mechanisms, the intentional
perception-action cycle [55,56]. It is stated that knowledge and meaning is created in
the brain by a circular intentional dynamics, where “meaningful stimulus is selected
by the subject and the cerebral cortex creates the structures and dynamics necessary
for intentional behavior and decision-making.”
What we see is that the mathematics of hermeneutics and of the intentional must
be somewhat different from what we use to describe the physical world. Frameworks
of mathematical models of complex systems and of cognitive systems should be
unified by elaborating algorithms of neural and mental hermeneutics. But this will
be a different story.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
A preliminary version of this chapter has been published as a CEUR-WS.org paper. PE thanks
the Henry Luce Foundation to let him to be a Henry R Luce Professor. “Thank you” for the
reviewer for the constructive comments.

REFERENCES
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[2] P.S. Churchland, Neurophilosophy: Toward a Unified Science of the Mind-brain, The
MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, 1986.
[3] J.J. Smart, Physicalism and emergence, Neuroscience 6 (1981) 109e113.
[4] M. Bunge, The Mind-body Problem, Pergamon Press, 1980.
[5] T.W. Deacon, Incomplete Nature: How Mind Emerged from Matter, W.W. Norton &
Company, New York, 2011.
[6] K.R. Popper, J.C. Eccles, The Self and Its Brain, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1977.
[7] J. Bickle, Philosophy and Neuroscience: A Ruthlessly Reductive Account, Kluwer
Acad/Publ., 2003.