Page 10 - Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS)

CONTENTS ix

5.2 Fingerprint Cards and Images 98
5.2.1 Past Practices 99
5.2.2 Current Practices 102
5.2.3 Importance of High-Quality Images 104
5.2.4 Inked Images versus Livescan Images 106
5.2.5 Image Capture Processes 106
5.3 AFIS Name and Minutiae Searches 108
5.4 Types of AFIS Searches 112
5.4.1 Tenprint to Tenprint (TP/TP) Searches 112
5.4.2 Latent to Tenprint (LT/TP) Searches 114
5.4.3 Latent to Latent Searches 115
5.5 AFIS Reports 116
5.5.1 Tenprint Reports 117
5.5.2 Latent Print Reports 118

CHAPTER 6 CURRENT ISSUES 121
6.1 SWOT Analysis 121
6.1.1 AFIS Strengths 122
6.1.2 AFIS Weaknesses 123
6.1.3 AFIS Opportunities 128
6.1.4 AFIS Threats 132
6.2 DNA and Fingerprints 134
6.3 The Move from Forensic to Civil Applications 136
6.4 Other Frontiers 140
6.4.1 Multiple Agencies Sharing AFIS Technology: WIN 140
6.4.2 Multiple Nations Sharing AFIS Systems: Eurodac 141

CHAPTER 7 BUYING AN AFIS SYSTEM: THE BASIC DOCUMENTS NEEDED 145
Peter T. Higgins and Kathleen M. Higgins
7.1 Introduction 145
7.2 The Need for a Disciplined Approach 145
7.3 Overall Strategy 147
7.4 Pre-acquisition Phase 148
7.4.1 Concept of Operations Document 148
7.4.2 Acquisition Strategy Document 150
7.4.3 Benchmarking 151
7.5 Acquisition Phase 154
7.5.1 Source Selection Plan 155
7.5.2 Statement of Work (SOW) 155
7.5.3 Requirements Specification 156
7.6 Development and Deployment Phase 158
7.7 Conclusion 160

CHAPTER 8 STANDARDS AND INTEROPERABILITY 161
8.1 System Challenges to Interoperability 161
8.2 Electronic Fingerprint Transmission Specification (EFTS) 166