Page 155 - Basic English Usage

155 207 — 208

We can use much and many alone, without a following noun.
You haven't eaten much.
‘Did you find any mushrooms?’ ‘Not many.’
Much and many are used mostly in questions and negative sentences. See 205.

207 must: forms

Mustis a ‘modal auxiliary verb’ (see 202). There is no -s in the third
person singular.
He must start coming on time. (NOT Hetmusts .. .)
Questions and negatives are made without do.
Must you go? (NOT Be-yeumust go?)
You mustn't worry. (NOT Yeuden’tmustworry-)
After must, we use the infinitive without fo.
/ must write to my mother. (NOT -Hnustte-write ... )

Must has no infinitive or participles. When necessary, we use other
expressions, such as have to.
He Il have to start coming on time. (NOT HetHmust ...)
i don't want to have to tell you again. (NOT +éertwantte-must ...)

Must has no past tense: We can talk about past obligation with had to.
! had to push the car to start it this morning. (NOT +mestpush ...)
Must can have a past meaning in reported speech (see 282; 283).
‘told her she must be home by midnight.

There is a contracted negative mustn't.
For ‘weak’ and ‘strong’ pronunciations of must, see 358.
eo

208 must: obligation

We use must to give strong advice or orders, to ourselves or other
people.
/ really must stop smoking.
You must be here before eight o'clock.
In questions, we use must to ask what the hearer thinks is necessary.
Must ! clean all the rooms?
Why must you always leave the door open?
Must not or mustn't is used to tell people not to do things.
You mustn't Open this parcel before Christmas Day.