Page 31 - Basic English Usage

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4 Atthe beginning of negative sentences, we use these structures:

| Not al/every + noun + affirmative verb |

Not all Scottish people drink whisky.
Not every student passed the exam.

No + noun + affirmative verb
None of + determiner + noun + affirmative verb

No Scottish people work in our office.
None of the students passed the exam.
For the use of no and none, see 221.

5 We donot usually use a// and every alone without nouns. Instead, we
say aif of it/them and every one.
‘She's eaten all the cakes.’ ‘What, all of them?’ ‘Yes, every one.’

(> For the difference between alf and whole, see 25.
For more rules about a//, see 21-23.
For the difference between every and each, see 104.

25 all and whole

all + determiner + noun
determiner + whole + noun

1 Whole means ‘complete’, ‘every part of’. Al/and whofe can both be used
with singular nouns. They have similar meanings, but the word order is
different. Compare:
Julie spent all the summer at home. all my life
Julie spent the whole summer athome. my whole life

2 Wholeis more common than a// with singular countable nouns.
She wasted the whole lesson. (More common than ... all the
lesson.)

3 We usually use a//, not whole, with uncountable nouns.
She's drunk all the milk. (NOT ... the-whele-mitk-)
There are some exceptions: for example the whole time, the whole truth.
4 = The whole of or all (of) is used before proper nouns, pronouns and
determiners.
The whole of/All of Venice was under water. (NOT Whete-Venice- . . .)
I've just read the whole of ‘War and Peace’.
(OR... all of ‘War and Peace’. )
| didn’t understand the whole of/all of it.