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149   of      (5)   the   cut   op-   typical   value   rate   taken   of   (also                      per-   with   571,   p.
          temperature   will   30°C   isothermal   a   of   30-degree   migration   arbitrarily   movement   curve       Reprinted   1962,





          boiling       of   for  useful   migration   the   relative   is   the   smooth           YY   yy   250  265   GC.   November   11,


          a       30°C         the   where   the   column   actuality,   the   by                   Joi   ft   220   temperature   No.
          and    _      temperature   also   on   9.4,   the   In                                            39,
          23              is       Hence,   proceed                 U                      _/         190   (°C)   Vo\.   Inc.
          =      (500)?   in   thumb   Figure   from   figure.              function                       programmed
          AF/Tpou   (2)   (500)   "33   increase   of   programming   in   function.   elution   the   in   could   Step   approximation   l   160   Temperature   to   Education,   Education,


          that   sample,   (0.693)   =   an   rule   This   shown   is   step   Final   shown   column   130   Chemical   Chemical

          Rule   typical   a   AT   then,   half.   temperature   column   the   30°C.   as   the   ~   100   approximation   of   of

                                                                      0.10-—
    PTGC   Trouton’s   for   approximation,   in  volume   of   a  through   generate   every   for   265°C,   at   through   eyes  uoesByw  aaneiey   =r       86   Step-function   Journal   the   Division   1962,


    of      (500°K)            effect   to   double   occurring   analyte                                    from
    Theory   Assuming   227°C   an   AS   retention   erations.   The   analyte   used   is   will   as   the   9.4.   Fig.   mission   copyright©








   Temperature   Range   (°C)   350   to   400   to   225   to   to   300   250   to   360   to   —60   360   to   300   to   260   to   250   to   useful  found   are   that   degrading   Habgood   and   taken   a   from   illustrated   in   to  necessary   (2)   proportional   to   integrated   3   (3)   Taking   T>.   (4)





   Programmed   Temperature   100   100   60   0   25   —60   ~20   45   20   been   have   OT  columns   without  380°C   Harris   by   been   has   was   is  increase   is:   inversely   according   the   to   that,  conclude   T;   and





         PTGC                               and   silica   above   treated   discussion   [6].   temperature   that   50%:   is   can   we   AHAT   ———   RTT,   temperatures

         for        20M®                      fused               Giddings   on   temperature   by   1   2   volumes   pressures   =   two   RT?   AH
         Phases   Phases   SE-30®   300®   Wax®   requirements   that   used   be   thoroughly   following   volume   volume   (Ve   (Vi)   equation,   =In2   the   get,   we   0.693

         Liquid   Liquid   OV-1®,   Dexsil   Carbowax   OV-17®   OV-275®   DB-1®   DB-5®   DB-1701®   DB-210®   DB   these   Recall   cannot   been   The   treatment   by   retention   what   retention   vapor   P,   In   P,   between   it,   _   AT

         Temperature                       meet   Table   9.1.   polyimide   PTGC   has   [5].   of   determine   retention   adjusted   of  solute  Clausius-Clapeyron   difference   rearranging




         High             Column           that   in     OF   PTGC   of   Mikkelsen   adequate   dependence   us   Let   adjusted   ratio   of   ratio   the   the   and

        9.1   Column   Nonpolar   Nonpolar   phases   included   with   coating.   theory   by   but   9.1.   the   the   of   the   of   is   logarithm

  148   TABLE   Packed   Polar   Capillary   Polar   Liquid   are   coated   the   THEORY   The   and   [4]   simple   The   Figure   reduce   Since   log   the   form   where AT   the
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