Page 149 - Berkshire Encyclopedia Of World History Vol I - Abraham to Coal

34 berkshire encyclopedia of world history

Mentally disturbed people of all classes similarly seek Parrinder, G. (1954). African traditional religion. London: Hutchinson’s
refuge among the Bori devotees. University Library.
Pittin, R. (1979). Marriage and alternative strategies: Career patterns of
Hausa women in Katsina City. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
African Religions Today School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
Turner, E., Blodgett, W., Kahona, S., & Benwa, F. (1992). Experiencing
The peoples of Africa have been adept at accepting new
ritual: A new interpretation of African healing. Philadelphia: Univer-
religious systems while preserving essential features of tra- sity of Pennsylvania Press.
ditional beliefs, and that approach to religion continues Walby, C. (1995). The African sacrificial kingship ritual and Johnson’s
“Middle Passage.” African American Review, 29(4), 657–669.
today, when New Age and evangelical Christian denom-
inations have become popular. An African base adapts
new ideas and fits them to a basic pattern of kinship, per-
sonal spirits, ancestors, and age grades, seeking to fit all
of these into personal networks of relationships. African States,

Frank A. Salamone
Ancient
See also African-American and Caribbean Religions
See Aksum; Benin; Congo; Egypt,Ancient; Hausa States;
Further Reading Kanem-Bornu; Mali; Meroe; Nubians; Sokoto Caliphate;
Anderson, D. M., & Johnson, D. H. (Eds.). (1995). Revealing prophets: Songhay; Wagadu Empire; Zimbabwe, Great
Prophecy in eastern African history. London: Ohio University Press.
Beidelman,T. O. (1982). Colonial evangelism: A socio-historical study of
an east African mission at the grassroots. Bloomington: Indiana Uni-
versity Press.
Besmer, F. E. (1983). Horses, musicians & gods: The Hausa cult of African Union
possession-trance. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Chidester, D., & Petty, R. (1997). African traditional religion in South
Africa: An annotated bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Clarke, P. B. (Ed.). (1998). New trends and developments in African reli- riginally founded in 1963, the Organization of
gions. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. OAfrican Unity (OAU) was reconstituted as the
Creevey, L., & Callaway, B. (1994). The heritage of Islam:Women, religion,
and politics in West Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. African Union after member states ratified the Constitu-
Echerd, N. (1991). Gender relationships and religion: Women in the tive Act adopted in July 2000. While the member states
Hausa Bori in Ader, Niger. In C. Coles & B. Mack (Eds.), Hausa professed pleasure with the performance of the OAU, they
women in the twentieth century (pp. 207–220). Madison: University
of Wisconsin Press. also said they wished to reform the relationship of the
Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1956). Nuer religion. New York: Oxford Univer- member states in an effort to better realize the goals of
sity Press.
Faulkingham, R. N. (1975). The sprits and their cousins: Some aspects of African unity on which the OAU was originally premised.
belief, ritual, and social organization in a rural Hausa village in Niger
(Research Report No. 15).Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts, The Pan-African Dream
Department of Anthropology.
Fortes, M. (1995). Oedipus and Job in West African religion. New York: By the early nineteenth century, many Africans who had
Cambridge University Press. been educated in Europe began to speak and write of an
Greenberg, J. (1947). The influence of Islam on a Sudanese religion. New
York: J. J. Augustin Publisher. African identity that transcended linguistic and ethnic
Karp, I., & Bird, C. S. (Eds.). (1980). Explorations in African systems of groupings as well as colonial identifications. It is not clear
thought. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. when the term pan-Africanism was first applied in this
Makinde, M.A. (1988). African philosophy, culture, and traditional med-
icine. Athens: Ohio University Center for International Studies. context, and most people who used the word appeared
Olupona, J. K. (Ed.). (1991). African traditional religions in contemporary to recognize it as little more than a dream. The idea of
society. St. Paul, MN: Paragon House.
Oppong, C. (Ed.). (1983). Male and female in West Africa. London: Allen continental unity was certainly on the minds of delegates
& Unwin. from the Caribbean, North America, Europe, and Africa