Page 217 - Encyclopedia Of World History

displaced populations, typology of 567

may be lawful for the President solemnly to assure the this act, it shall and may be lawful for the President
tribe or nation with which the exchange is made, that to cause such aid and assistance to be furnished to the
the United States will forever secure and guaranty to emigrants as may be necessary and proper to enable
them, and their heirs or successors, the country so them to remove to, and settle in, the country for
exchanged with them; and if they prefer it, that the which they may have exchanged; and also, to give
United States will cause a patent or grant to be made them such aid and assistance as may be necessary for
and executed to them for the same: Provided always, their support and subsistence for the first year after
That such lands shall revert to the United States, if the their removal.
Indians become extinct, or abandon the same.
SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That it shall and
SEC. 4. And be it further enacted,That if, upon any may be lawful for the President to cause such tribe or
of the lands now occupied by the Indians, and to be nation to be protected, at their new residence, against
exchanged for, there should be such improvements as all interruption or disturbance from any other tribe or
add value to the land claimed by any individual or nation of Indians, or from any other person or per-
individuals of such tribes or nations, it shall and may sons whatever.
be lawful for the President to cause such value to be
SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That it shall and
ascertained by appraisement or otherwise, and to
may be lawful for the President to have the same
cause such ascertained value to be paid to the person
superintendence and care over any tribe or nation in
or persons rightfully claiming such improvements.
the country to which they may remove, as contem-
And upon the payment of such valuation, the
plated by this act, that he is now authorized to have
improvements so valued and paid for, shall pass to
over them at their present places of residence.
the United States, and possession shall not after-
Source: U.S. Government.The Indian Removal Act of 1830. Retrieved 28 Jul 2004 from
wards be permitted to any of the same tribe. http://www.civics-online.org/library/formatted/texts/indian_act.html
SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That upon the
making of any such exchange as is contemplated by

migrants to other countries or people displaced by world’s refugees originated from developing countries,
planned development projects. The reason is that coun- while at the same time other developing countries were
tries and international organizations that grant special providing temporary asylum to 69 percent of the global
entitlements to refugees are concerned with avoiding refugee population. A historic peak in recent refugee
confusion, for instance, between a voluntary (economic) waves was reached around the middle of that decade,
migrant and a genuine refugee. because of events in the Great Lakes region of Africa
(causing huge waves of Burundian and Rwandan
Size of Refugee Flows refugees) and in Southeast Europe (wars in Serbia and in
World history is sadly rich in refugee waves that ebb and Bosnia and Herzegovina). Conversely, during the second
flow. Refugee populations result directly from the causes half of the decade, 1998–2002, the global number of
listed earlier under “a” and “c” and sometimes “e” (see refugees fell by 7 percent compared to 1993–2002. At
above section on causal typology), and therefore their the end of 2002, the refugee population stood at some
total numbers tend to increase dramatically and sud- 10.6 million, consisting, by continents, of: Africa 3.3 mil-
denly with the eruption of conflicts or the onset of vio- lion, Asia 4.2 million, Europe 2.3 million, Latin Amer-
lence and persecution. They decrease with cessation of ica and Caribbean 40,900; North America 615,000;
conflicts and through repatriations. UNHCR data show Oceania 70,100. In 2002, the refugee population de-
that during the decade 1993–2002, 75 percent of the creased by 13 percent compared to 2001. The main