Page 147 - Encyclopedia Of World History Vol IV

1448 berkshire encyclopedia of world history

Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be
called the children of God. • Matthew 5:9

peace appeared in political discourse. The pledge by Claude, I. L (1964). Swords into plowshares: The problems and progress
President Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924) to work for a of international organizations. New York: Random House.
De Saint-Pierre, C. I. C. (1927). Selections from the second edition of the
league of peace and his call for the expansion of democ- Abrégé du projet de paix perpétuelle (H. H. Bellot, Trans.). London:
racy filled peace activists with enthusiasm. Peace projects Sweet & Maxwell.
Galtung, J. (1969).Violence, peace, and peace research. Journal of Peace
were no longer purely speculative.
Research, 6(3), 167–191.
The League of Nations, founded in 1919, tentatively Gerbet, P. (1996). Le rêve d’un ordre mondial de la SDN à l’ONU [The
tried to regulate international relations. Carefully designed dream of a world order, from the League of Nations to the United
Nations]. Paris: Imprimerie nationale.
not to infringe upon its members’ sovereignty, its influ- Habermas, J. (1996). La Paix perpétuelle: le bicentenaire d’une idée kanti-
ence, which was solely moral, rapidly faded.As years went enne [Perpetual Peace: The Bicentennial of a Kantian Idea] (Trans. of
Kants Idee des Ewigen Friedens aus dem historischen Abstand von 200
by, peace advocates understood that the process of global
Jahren [Kant’s Idea of a Perpetual Peace: A Reassessment after 200
integration could not come out of such a political struc- Years] from German to French by R. Rochlitz). Paris: Cerf.
ture.The emphasis had to be put on education, coopera- Hemleben, S. J. (1943). Plans for world peace through six centuries.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
tion, and the creation of an internationalist state of mind. Hinsley, F. H. (1963). Power and the pursuit of peace: Theory and prac-
After World War II, the dream of a peaceful international tice in the history of relations between states. Cambridge, UK: Cam-
bridge University Press.
community continued via the United Nations but, like its
Howard, M. (2000). The invention of peace: Reflections on war and inter-
predecessor, the U.N. was devised by the victorious national order. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
countries to reflect the new geopolitical order. Its influ- Kant, I. (1983). Perpetual peace, and other essays on politics, history, and
morals (T. Humphrey, Trans.). Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing
ence depended on the will of its sovereign constituents. Company.
Kant’s reflections on peace still echo today. Two cen- Murphy, C. (1985). The search for world order: A study of thought and
action. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
turies ago, the philosopher warned us against the pana-
Pagden, A. (Ed.). (2002). The idea of Europe: From antiquity to the Euro-
cea of a universal structure superseding states. Today, a pean Union. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
world federation is still very much premature and uni- Ruyssen, T. (1954). Les sources doctrinales de l’internationalisme [The
doctrinal sources of internationalism]. Paris: Presses Universitaires de
versal peace projects are no longer topical. However, the France.
ongoing and peaceful integration of European nations Souleyman, E. V. (1941). The vision of world peace in seventeenth and
eighteenth-century France. New York: Putnam’s Sons.
shows that the federal project first discussed in 1849 was
Suganami, H. (1989). The domestic analogy and world order proposals.
not utterly unrealistic. Kant’s call for the extension of the Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
democratic principle and for cosmopolitanism—the inter- United Nations. (1996). The League of Nations, 1920–1946: Organiza-
tion and accomplishments: A retrospective of the first organization for
national state of mind—may well represent the best hope the establishment of world peace. New York: United Nations.
for peace. Wynner, E., & Lloyd, G. (1944). Searchlight on peace plans. New York:
E. P. Dutton.
Carl Bouchard

Further Reading Pentecostalism
Armstrong, D. (1982). The rise of international organization:A short his-
tory. Houndmills, UK: Macmillan.
Aron, R. (2003). Peace and war:A theory of international relations. New lthough speaking in tongues, or glossolalia, appears
Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Beales,A. C. F. (1931). The history of peace:A short account of the organ- Ato have existed off and on for millennia, as a distinct
ized movements for international peace. London: G. Belles & Sons. movement Pentecostalism emerged as a radical extension
Bosco, A. (Ed.). (1991). The federal idea: The history of federalism from of the Holiness movement that sought to revitalize the
the Enlightenment to 1945. London: Lothian Foundation Press.
Ceadel, M. (1987). Thinking about peace and war. Oxford, UK: Oxford Wesleyan doctrine of perfection and developed in vari-
University Press. ous mainstream U.S. denominations, particularly the
Ceadel, M. (1996). The origins of war prevention:The British peace move-
ment and international relations, 1730–1854. Oxford, UK: Oxford Methodists, following the Civil War. Despite a diversity
University Press. of beliefs among them, Pentecostals generally emphasize