Page 180 - Encyclopedia Of World History Vol V
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warfare—europe 1957












            of larger Nationalist Army forces. Communist cadres  Chi, H. (1982). Nationalist China at war: Military defeats and political
            emphasized the psychological, preparing their men and  collapse. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
                                                                Cottrell, L. (1962). The tiger of Qin:The dramatic emergence of China as
            seeking to convert their enemy. In time, as Communist  a nation. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
            strength increased and Nationalist forces weakened, the  Ellemen, B.A. (2001). Modern Chinese warfare, 1795–1989. New York:
                                                                  Routledge.
            Communists fought in larger units, and in 1948, large,
                                                                Graff, D. A., & Higham, R. (Eds.). (2002). A military history of China.
            well-armed, Communist armies with more traditional    Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
            tactics compelled the surrender of Chiang’s best troops.  Hail,W. J. (1964). Tseng Kuo-fan and the Taiping Rebellion, with a short
                                                                  sketch of his later career. New  York: Paragon Book Reprint
            won the Battle of the Huai Hai, destroying another    Corporation.
            500,000 Nationalist troops. In April 1949 Mao’s forces  Hooten, E. R. (1991). The great tumult: The Chinese civil war, 1936–
                                                                  1949. New York: MacMillan.
            crossed the Chang River in many places, and by Decem-
                                                                Hsiung, J. C., & Levine, S. I. (Eds.). (1992). China’s bitter victory:The war
            ber 1949, Chinese Communist units had reached as far  with Japan, 1937–1945. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
            as southern China and theVietnamese border.         Kierman, F.A., Jr., & Fairbank, J. K. (Eds.). (1974). Chinese ways in war-
                                                                  fare. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
              Since gaining control of the mainland in 1949, the  Levathes, L. (1994). When China ruled the seas: The treasure fleet of the
            Communist rulers of China have fought only to defend  Dragon Throne, 1400–1433. New York: Simon & Schuster.
                                                                Loewe, M. (1974). Crisis and conflict in Han China, 104 BC to AD 9. Lon-
            what they perhaps broadly define as their interests.Wor-
                                                                  don: Allen & Unwin.
            ried about the intent of the UN forces moving to the Yalu  Mote, F. W. (1999). Imperial China, 900–1800. Cambridge, MA: Har-
            River in October and November 1950, China inter-      vard University Press.
                                                                Peers, C. (1998). Warlords of China: 700 BC to AD 1662. London: Arms
            vened in the Korean War. Following attack and counter-  and Armour Press.
            attack into  April 1951, the front in Korea largely  Powell, R. L. (1955). The rise of Chinese military power, 1895–1912.
                                                                  Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
            stabilized, and an armistice in July 1953 ended the out-
                                                                Salisbury, H. E. (1985). The Long March: The untold story. New York:
            right confrontation of the People’s Republic of China and  Harper & Row.
            the United States.                                  Scobell, A. (2003). China’s use of military force: Beyond the Great Wall
                                                                  and the Long March. New York: Cambridge University Press.
              There have been border disputes with India in 1962  Torday, L. (1997). Mounted archers:The beginnings of Central Asian his-
            and in 1979 with Vietnam, and there continues to be   tory. Cambridge, MA: Durham Academic Press.
                                                                Westad, O. A. (2003). Decisive encounters:The Chinese civil war, 1946–
            tension over the fate of the island of Taiwan, where the
                                                                  1950. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
            Nationalists established themselves after losing the  Wilson, A. (1976). The “ever-victorious army”: A history of the Chinese
            mainland. China conducted its  first nuclear test in   campaign under Lt. Col. C. G. Gordon and of the suppression of the
                                                                  T’ai-ping rebellion. Arlington, VA: University Publications of
            1964, joining the ranks of the world’s nuclear powers.  America.
            Today the world’s most populous nation and the      Wilson, D. (1971). The long march, 1935: The epic of Chinese Commu-
                                                                  nism’s survival. New York: Viking Press.
            world’s third-largest nuclear power, China’s military
                                                                Wilson, D. (1982). When tigers fight:The story of the Sino-Japanese war,
            strength is sobering.                                 1937–1945. New York: Viking Press.
                                                                Xiao, Q. (1978). The military establishment of the Yuan dynasty. Cam-
                                             Charles M. Dobbs     bridge, MA: Harvard University Press.



                               Further Reading
            Appleman, R. E. (1989). Disaster in Korea: The Chinese confront  Warfare—Europe
              MacArthur. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
            Brent, P. L. (1976). The Mongol empire: Genghis Khan, his triumph and
              his legacy. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson.
            Chan, A. (1982). The glory and fall of the Ming dynasty. Norman: Uni-  arfare has riddled Europe since antiquity, espe-
              versity of Oklahoma Press.                        Wcially in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
            Chassin, L. M. (1965). The Communist conquest of China: A history of
              the civil war, 1945–1949. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University  when armed European conflicts had an impact on the
              Press.                                            whole world.
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