Page 102 - Encyclopedia Of World History Vol III

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These “righteous persons” did everything from providing Hitler’s camps. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Conot, R. (1984). Justice at Nuremberg. New York: Carroll & Graf.
shelter to food to documents to Jews in danger. A few Dawidowicz, L. S. (1991). The war against the Jews, 1933–1945. New
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Feingold, Henry. (1970). The politics of rescue: The Roosevelt adminis-
Japan’s Chiune Sugihara, helped Jews escape by giving
tration and the Holocaust, 1938–1945. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers
them visas. In the case of Le Chambon, France, a whole University Press.
town shielded Jews from their tormentors. Denmark was Frank,Anne. (1967). Anne Frank: Diary of a young girl. New York: Amer-
eon Ltd.
the only occupied country that actively resisted the Nazi Friedlander, S. (1997). Nazi Germany and the Jews: The years of perse-
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twenty-two highest-ranking surviving officials were tried
Kogon, E. (1998). The theory and practice of hell. New York: Berkley Pub-
for war crimes at Nuremberg, Germany, and hundreds of lishing Group.
other trials were held for camp guards and others who Lengyel, O. (1995). Five chimneys: A woman’s true story of Auschwitz.
Academy Chicago Publishers.
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were “only following orders” and should not be held ogy of genocide. New York: Basic Books.
Lipstadt. D. (1993). Beyond belief. New York: Free Press.
responsible for their actions, but the judges rejected this
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Germany. New York: Fawcett Books.
Many Nazis were executed for their crimes, but most Toland, J. (1992). Adolf Hitler, New York: Anchor Books.
had their sentences reduced or commuted. Others were Wyman, D. S. (1998). The abandonment of the Jews. New York: New
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never tried and escaped to countries in Latin America and
Yahil, L. (1991). The Holocaust:The fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945.
elsewhere, where they lived quiet lives under assumed New York: Oxford University Press.
names.The United States actively recruited some Nazis to
help in intelligence operations against the Soviet Union. Homer
A number of Nazi hunters pursued Nazis who escaped (9th–8th? century bce)
justice. The most dramatic case was that of Adolf Eich- Greek poet
mann, one of the architects of the Final Solution, who
escaped to Argentina and was found and abducted by omer is the Greek poet credited with the composi-
Israeli agents who took him to Israel, where he was tried, Htion of the epics the Iliad and the Odyssey. There
convicted, and executed for his crimes against humanity. is little evidence for a historical figure called Homer.The
By the start of the twenty-first century war criminals were earliest written mentions of him date from the seventh
still being found and tried. century BCE, but these are not in agreement.A number of
Greek cities claim Homer for their own, most of them in
Mitchell G. Bard
Ionia in Asia Minor (modern Turkey).Textual and linguis-
See also Genocide; Hitler, Adolf; Judaism; World War II tic analysis suggests that Homer was from Euboea, a large
island that hugs the east flank of mainland Greece oppo-
site Ionia, and that he lived in the early 800s BCE.
Further Reading
Although the background to both epics is the Trojan
Bard, M. G. (Ed.). (2001). The complete history of the Holocaust. San
Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press. War (c. 13th century BCE) fought at Ilium (Troy) in