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5.5 SENSOR MODALITIES AND OUR APPROACH 97

Dependent variable:-

Anxiety
Stress

Depression
8 factors of Regression
mood states
Fatigue
Guilt

Extraversion Arousal

FIG. 5.6
Factors of mood states.

a process that enables a person to learn how he can change physiological activities for the purposes of
enhancing health and performance. Instruments measures brainwaves, heart function, breathing,
muscle activity, and skin temperature and all other such physiological activity.”
The instruments give quick and accurate “feedback” to the users. This information is often given in
conjunction with changes in thinking, emotions, and behavior. Over time, they can endure without the
continuous use of an instrument [10].

5.5.2 ELECTROMYOGRAPH
The “Muscle Whistler,” represented here with surface EMG electrodes, was an early device that was
developed by Dr. Harry Garland and Dr. Roger Melen in 1971 [5,14].An electromyography (EMG)
made use of surface electrodes to find muscle action potentials from underlying skeletal muscles that
start with muscle contraction. Clinicians record the sEMG using one or more active electrodes that are
placed over a target muscle and a reference electrode that is placed within 6in of either active electrode.
The sEMG is measured in microvolts (millionths of a volt) [6,8].

5.5.3 ELECTRODERMOGRAPH
An electrodermograph (EDG) is used to measure skin’s electrical activities directly (skin-conductance
and skin-potential) and indirectly (skin resistance) using electrodes placed over the digits or hand and
wrist. Recording responses to unexpected stimuli, arousal, and worry, and cognitive activity can
enhance eccrine sweat gland activity, enhancing the conductivity of the skin for electric current [18].