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5.4 MEDITATION—EFFECTIVE SPIRITUAL TOOL 95

average age of onset of TTH was found to be 25–30years in cross-sectional epidemiological studies.
The prevalence peaks between the age of 30–39 and decreases slightly with age. Some of the risk fac-
tors for developing TTH have been reported to be poor self-rated health, inability to relax after work,
and sleeping limited hours per night.
The number of workdays missed was three times higher for TTH than for migraines in the popu-
lation and this was shown by two Danish studies. A US study has also found that nonpresence due to
TTH is considerable. In a study where a cohort study was conducted to study the outcome of elderly
patients with chronic tension type headache (CTTH) in a span of 13years, the authors found that 30% of
patients with CTTH evolved to chronic migraine (CM) or episodic migraine (EM). Therefore, it is
important to curb the tension type headache before it transforms to a migraine, which could lead to
difficulty in treating due to its complex nature. Tension type headache is clinically and patho-
physiologically heterogeneous. The complex interrelation of the various pathophysiological factors
of TTH; makes this disorder often difficult to treat. Various therapeutic measures have been recom-
mended to be used in sequence or in combination. Therapies for TTH can be subdivided into
short-term, abortive treatment of each attack (mainly pharmacological), and long-term prophylactic
treatments (pharmacological and/or nonpharmacological) [15].
Several nonpharmacological treatments have been recommended for management of TTH, e.g.,
physical therapy [16], craniocervical training, oro-mandibular treatment acupuncture, relaxation ther-
apies, cognitive-training biofeedback, etc. However, the scientific evidence for efficacy of most treat-
ment modalities is sparse [15].
Biofeedback is one of the most prominent behavioral headache treatments. It is a nonpharmacologic
technique commonly used in the treatment of migraines and TTH. Many published studies have con-
veyed that biofeedback is effective in decreasing the frequency and severity of headaches, thereby lim-
iting the patient’s dependence on medication. Conforming to this, studies have also proposed that
biofeedback may affect a reduction in medical utilization in headaches [17].

5.3 INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: EMOTIONAL NEED FULFILLMENT
The ability of an individual to control his anger and to stabilize his mood or to achieve success in work
depends80%ontheiremotionalintelligenceand20%ontheirverbalintelligence.Basichumanneedsfor
emotional fulfillment are universal and include: love, acceptance, affection, feeling valued, appreciated,
secure, companionship, admiration, trust, respect, understanding, conversation, and communication.
Maslow in 1954 described a hierarchy of human needs in his “Theory of Self Actualization” which
are psychological, safety, belonging, love, esteem, and self-actualization.

5.4 MEDITATION—EFFECTIVE SPIRITUAL TOOL WITH APPROACH OF
BIOFEEDBACK EEG
5.4.1 MIND-BODY AND CONSCIOUSNESS
There is a thin layer between the body and conscious mind. This is interconnected through the chain of
breathing. The body interacts through its senses and responds with its actions (Table 5.1). There are
three main stages of daily routine: awakening, dreaming, and day sleep stage, which is still unknown
(Figs. 5.5 and 5.6).