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5.1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 91

Some form of medical help is usually needed for recovery/management and this may take the form
of counseling or psychotherapy, drug treatment, and lifestyle changes.
Approximately 25% of people in the United Kingdom have mental health problems at one point
during their lives. The United States has the maximum number of incidences of people being diagnosed
with mental illness. Your mental health can affect your daily life relationships and even your physical
health. After reviewing literature in this field; the six indices of mental health that are used herein are
emotional stability, adjustment, autonomy, security, self-concept, and intelligence.

5.1.6 FACTORS AFFECTING MENTAL HEALTH
There are generally nine factors that affect mental health

• Exercise and activity level
• Smoking
• Diet
• Physical activity
• Abuse
• Social and community activities
• Relationships
• Meditation and other relaxation techniques
• Healthy sleep patterns

5.1.7 MODELS OF STRESS: THREE MODELS IN PRACTICE
General Adaptation Syndrome (Figs. 5.1–5.3) Stages: Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion 2-Selye Eus-
tress, and Distress (Fig. 5.4A) 3-Lazarus: Cognitive Appraisal Model.

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4

Compensation Resistance Decompensation
Immune system’s
adaptive response to
stress over time

Normal level of
resistance
Onset
shock

FIG. 5.1
Phases of stress.