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CHAPTER

CHRONIC TTH ANALYSIS BY EMG

AND GSR BIOFEEDBACK ON 5

VARIOUS MODES AND VARIOUS

MEDICAL SYMPTOMS USING IOT

§ ¶
† ‡
Rohit Rastogi*, D.K. Chaturvedi , Santosh Satya , Navneet Arora , Mayank Gupta , Vishwas Yadav*,
Sumit Chauhan*, Pallavi Sharma*
†
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad, India* Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India Indian Institute of
§
‡
Technology, Delhi, India Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India Tata Consultancy Services, Noida, India ¶

5.1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
5.1.1 BIOFEEDBACK
The term “biofeedback” was voted in place of the term “auto regulation” in 1969. The organization who
coined this word was named the “Biofeedback Research Society” (BRS). In 1976, the BRS was
renamed “Biofeedback Society of America” (BSA). The present name of the society, the “Association
for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback” came into existence in 1989.
Edmund Jacobson, a physician, was one of the earliest contributors in the field of biofeedback. In
1938, he monitored electromyography data (EMG) of patients practicing progressive muscle relaxation
to find out if the muscles actually relaxed.
Previously, it was believed that autonomic responses could not be controlled voluntarily. Miller and
Leo DiCara in 1962 demonstrated that curarized rats could learn to control their autonomic functions
(breathing patterns, muscle tone, blood pressure, salivation, GSR, etc.).
In 1966, Joe Kamiya, who is popularly known as “the father of biofeedback” found that some sub-
jects could learn to discriminate the presence of alpha waves when electroencephalography (EEG) was
performed on them. He also found that they could learn to manipulate their alpha frequency by about
1Hz, thus establishing that subjects could control their own neuro-biological rhythm.
Physicians Marinacci and Whatmore practiced biofeedback even before the term was founded.
They used EMG biofeedback to treat stroke patients. But their work on neuromuscular re-education
was not continued by others and remained undeveloped until it was rediscovered. Significant contri-
butions to this field have been made by researchers in the clinical aspects such as (a) Basmajin, who
used surface EMG to study the role of different muscles in movements and used the information for
rehabilitation, (b) A. Kegel, who used pneumatic biofeedback devices to train pelvic floor muscles,

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