Page 122 - Bio Engineering Approaches to Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

120 CHAPTER 5 Cell therapy

DCs also because of the capacity to activate adaptive and innate immunity has
been considered in cancer therapy as well. However, there is limited knowledge about
driving tumor antigens by DCs that first of all, there is a need to fill these gaps by lots
of investigation and clinical trials to make DCs-based therapy as a high-efficiency
technique for cancer therapy.

5.2 Innate cell-based therapy
5.2.1 Innate cells
Alongside the adaptive immune system described in the previous section, there is
an innate immune system. The innate immune system consists of cells derived from
both myeloid and lymphoid progenitors. Macrophages, DCs, neutrophils, eosino-
phils, basophils, and mast cells are among the innate immune cells which have been
derived from the myeloid lineage. Alongside these cells mentioned above, there
are another type of innate immune system cells derived from the lymphoid lineage
known as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs); these cells are more prominent than the
myeloid-derived cells in this section and include group 1 ILCs (ILC1s), group 2 ILCs
(ILC2s), group 3 ILCs (ILC3s), NK cells, and lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells.
This classification is schematically illustrated in Fig. 5.1.
The innate immune system and the use of innate cells to fight infections and
tumors, despite the fact that these cells do not have antigen-specific cell surface
receptors, have received considerable attention due to their variety and wide distri-
bution [21].
In this chapter, we have focused more on ILCs because some of these cells
have similarities to adaptive immune system cells and also have some antitumor
properties.

FIGURE 5.1 Classification of innate immune system cells derived from myeloid and lymphoid
progenitors.