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236 10 Perspectives on Multienzyme Process Technology

Table 10.3 Types of biocatalyst for multienzyme processes.

Production requirements Characteristics

Additional geneticmodifications Catalyst preparation Immobilization Compartmentalization Transport Recycling
Types of biocatalyst Biocatalyst scheme

Whole cell
MF

Whole cell with
permeable membrane
MF

Washed whole cell with
permeable membrane MF

Cell surface display
MF

Cell-free
UF

Free-enzyme
UF

Single
M
enzyme immobilization*
Multi-
M
enzyme immobilization*
Multifunctional enzyme
-Genetic fusion UF

For the biocatalyst schemes, the symbol represents the first enzyme relevant as biocatalyst in the
process, represents the second enzyme, represents the fusion between enzymes 1 and 2,
( ) represents the membrane of the cell, and ( ) represents the permeabilized membrane of the
cell. The ways of recovering the biocatalyst are microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), and mesh
(M). Under production processes, a means the step is not required, whereas means the step
needs to be included. Under characteristics means this is a negative attribute, whereas
indicates a positive attribute. M, MF, and UF refer to filtration with a mesh, via microfiltration, and
ultrafiltration, respectively.
a For illustrative purposes only, immobilization on a support is shown. In reality, other
immobilization are also possible.