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VI Contents

2.2.1.4 Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase 29
2.2.1.5 Alcohol Dehydrogenase 29
+
2.2.2 In Situ Regeneration of Oxidized NAD(P) Cofactors 31
2.2.2.1 Lactate Dehydrogenase 31
2.2.2.2 NAD(P)H Oxidase 32
2.2.2.3 Alcohol Dehydrogenase 34
2.2.2.4 Mediator-Coupled Enzyme Systems 35
2.3 Conclusions 37
Acknowledgments 38
References 38
3 Monooxygenase-Catalyzed Redox Cascade Biotransformations 43
Florian Rudroff and Marko D. Mihovilovic
3.1 Introduction 43
3.1.1 Scope of this Chapter 43
3.1.2 Enzymatic Oxygenation 43
3.1.3 Effective Cofactor Recycling 44
3.1.4 In Vitro Multistep Biocatalysis 46
3.1.5 Combined In Vitro and In Vivo Multistep Biocatalysis 48
3.1.6 In Vivo Multistep Biocatalysis 51
3.1.7 Chemo-Enzymatic Cascade Reactions 56
3.1.8 Conclusion and Outlook 60
References 61

4 Biocatalytic Redox Cascades Involving -Transaminases 65
Robert C. Simon, Nina Richter, and Wolfgang Kroutil
4.1 Introduction 65
4.2 General Features of ω-Transaminases 66
4.2.1 Cascades to Shift the Equilibrium for Amination 67
4.3 Linear Cascade Reactions Involving ω-Transaminases 69
4.3.1 Redox and Redox-Neutral Cascade Reactions 70
4.3.2 Carbonyl Amination Followed by Spontaneous Ring Closure 75
4.3.3 Deracemization of Racemic Amines Employing Two
ω-Transaminases 78
4.3.4 Cascade Reactions of ω-TAs with Lyases and C–C
Hydrolases/Lipases 80
4.4 Concluding Remarks 82
References 83

5 Multi-Enzyme Systems and Cascade Reactions Involving Cytochrome
P450 Monooxygenases 87
Vlada B. Urlacher and Sebastian Schulz
5.1 Introduction 87
5.1.1 Multistep Cascade Reactions 87
5.1.2 Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases 88
5.1.3 General Overview of presented cascade types 91