Page 143 - Biofuels Refining and Performance

126 Chapter Four

Figure 4.15 Brassica carinata.

B. carinata genotypes based on oil content and fatty acid composition.
Genet et al. have generated information to plan crosses and maximize
the use of genetic diversity and expression of heterosis [130]. Dorado et al.
found negative effects of singular fatty acids, such as erucic acid, over
alkali-catalyzed transesterification reaction [39]. These researchers
described a low-cost transesterification process of B. carinata oil. An
oil–methanol molar ratio of 1:4.6, addition of 1.4% of KOH, a reaction tem-
perature in the range of 20–45 C, and 30 min of stirring are considered
to be the best conditions to develop a low-cost method to produce biodiesel
from B. carinata oil [39, 131]. Biodiesel from Ethiopian mustard oil could
become of interest if a fuel tax exemption is granted [30]. When com-
pared with petroleum diesel fuel, Cardone et al. have found that engine
test bench analysis did not show any appreciable variation of output
engine torque values, while there was a significant difference in specific
fuel consumption data at the lowest loads. Biodiesel produced higher
levels of NO concentrations and lower levels of particulate matter (PM),
x
with respect to diesel fuel. Biodiesel emissions contain less soot [132].

4.3.3 Gold-of-pleasure oil
Crop description. Camelina sativa L. Crantz—commonly known as
gold-of-pleasure and camelina—belongs to the family Cruciferae and
grows well in temperate climates (see Fig. 4.16). It is an annual oilseed
plant and is cultivated in small amounts in France, and to a lesser