Page 307 - Boiler plant and distribution system optimization manual

292 Boiler Plant and Distribution System Optimization Manual

229, 231, 232, 233, 235, 238, 253 fuel additives 121, 139 inspecting your boiler 90
efficiency 21, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 52, fuel consumption 39, 74, 118, 121, insulate stack metal 235
54, 62, 63, 70, 86, 89, 140, 167, 253 insulation losses 45, 48, 50, 120,
168 fuel cost 39, 123, 144, 186, 265 158, 160, 219
efficiency calculation methods 51 fuel oil atomizing pressure 106 internal steam leaks 45, 50, 160,
efficiency monitoring system 21 fuel oil temperature 106, 220 162, 252
electrical losses 63, 219 fuel oil viscosity 123, 134, 220 inverted bucket traps 260
electrochemical instruments 67 fuel selection 122, 123
energy balance 27, 47, 51 fuel valves, characterizable 127 J
energy conservation 39, 116, 133, furnace 6, 9, 36, 62, 68, 70, 71, 76, jackshaft control system 78, 86
204, 247, 287 90, 93, 94, 95, 98, 99, 100, 101,
program 164 105, 106, 118, 133, 134, 135, 137, L
enthalpy 29, 47, 52, 53, 58, 224, 236, 149, 171, 172, 177, 178, 185, 232 latent heat of evaporation 29, 248
237, 239 explosion 15 losses 21, 27, 37, 41, 47, 50, 51, 53,
estimating losses and savings 183 pressure control 73, 74, 83 54, 56, 58, 65, 70, 71, 85, 108, 114,
excess air 27, 32, 34, 39, 64, 89, 90, safety 15 116, 117, 123, 130, 133, 134, 136,
94, 95, 101, 103, 104, 106, 107, 137, 142, 144, 149, 151, 154, 155,
112, 114, 116, 121, 124, 128, 130, g 158, 159, 161, 162, 167, 177, 182,
131, 133, 135, 137, 140, 171, 181, gas burners 91 184, 185, 186, 187, 206, 215, 247,
182, 183, 185, 238, 243 generating steam 1 249, 251, 252, 253, 258, 264, 265,
losses 115 guide 93, 243, 267, 268, 270, 273 267, 280, 285
excess oxygen 89, 96, 98, 101, 102, guidelines 63, 231, 287, 288 low excess air burner 123, 131
103, 104, 105, 106, 124, 125
expansive element steam traps 264 H M
explosions, causes of 15 heat loss 58 makeup water 45, 119, 120, 158,
external steam leaks 45, 50, 160, due to radiation 52, 54 175, 215, 217, 228, 252, 283, 285,
162, 252 in the condensate return system 286, 287
external water treatment 285, 287 211 maximum attainable efficiency 20,
methods 51, 54, 56 183
F heat of the liquid 29 maximum economically achievable
feedwater control 13, 73, 74, 80, 82, heat pipes 172, 242, 246 efficiency 20
83, 283 heat reclaimer 168, 169, 171 measuring combustibles 64
feedwater hardness 282 heat wheel 241, 246 mechanical steam traps 250, 259
fine tuning process 106 higher heating value 27, 51, 54, 231, metering control systems 79, 81
firetube boilers 3, 76, 139 236 minimum excess oxygen 90, 103,
flame appearance 94, 104 high stack temperatures 70, 94, 115, 105
flame retention head type burners 171 minimum metal temperatures 63
123, 132 high temperature hot water sys- mist carryover 282
flame safety control 15, 75, 76 tems 47, 149, 154 monitoring 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 76, 87,
flame temperature 34, 35, 74, 89 high water level 74 90, 114, 117, 140, 141, 159
flame types 94, 96, 97
flash steam 40, 47, 48, 50, 160, 165, I N
166, 175, 209, 212, 213, 214, 215, ideal scene 27, 140 natural circulation 10
216, 247, 248, 253, 262, 265, 273 incomplete combustion 62, 64, 71 neutralizing amides 284
energy balance 249 increasing cycles of concentration noncondensibles 250, 256, 257, 260,
losses 164 217, 218, 279 282
float and thermostatic traps 261 infrared CO measurement 69
flue gas heat loss 64, 65 infrared heaters 149, 155, 156 O
foaming 13, 283, 286 input-output 52 off-stack CO analyzers 69
foaming and priming 280 efficiency 27 oil burners 90, 93
foaming carryover 282 method 51, 56 oil gun tip position 106