Page 308 - Boiler plant and distribution system optimization manual

Index 293

oil-water emulsions 123, 132 satellite boilers 149, 155 steam trap malfunctions 48
opacity 70, 107, 140, 144 saturated steam 6, 7, 29, 47, 70, 154, steam trap selection 266
optimized efficiency 204 248, 270 steam traps, purpose of 255
optimum combustion efficiency 64 saturation temperature 1, 29, 83, steam traps, sizing 267
organic Rankine Cycle 244, 245 247, 259, 262 steam trap station 266
Orsat 65, 71 sensible and latent heat 39, 230, steam trap types 259
over fire draft control 122, 128 235, 247 stoichiometric 65, 94, 95
oxygen 131 sensible heat 30, 56, 179, 207, 230, combustion 63, 64, 68
enrichment 112, 123, 131 235, 236, 246, 248 strainer 92, 257, 258, 272, 276, 277
trim 85, 86, 122, 124, 125, 128, series positioning control 78, 79, 80 sulfur in fuel forms acid 63
203, 204 silica 280, 282, 283, 288 superheated steam 2, 6, 8, 9, 74, 83,
smoke 70, 98, 101, 102, 103, 105, 178
P 106, 108, 114, 115, 121, 125, 131, systems 270
parallel positioning control 77 132, 135, 140, 144, 159, 220, 233 superheater 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 36, 74,
payback period 135, 203, 204, 207 smoke and CO threshold, finding 83
performance history 108 102 surface losses 40, 41, 48, 50, 205,
plate type heat exchangers 172 smoke spot 70, 101, 102, 103, 105 250
pressure reducing valves 47, 153, sodium sulfite 283, 284
154, 160, 162, 164, 249, 253, 258 soft firebrick 159 T
priming 13, 117, 150 soot blower 121, 170, 220 temperature setback 177, 180
boiler 281 control 74 thermal stress 14, 154, 158, 241
carryover 13, 283 sound detection 273 thermodynamic traps 262, 263
problems that can occur in a burner spreader-stoker firing 91 time to payback period 205
flame of ideal geometry 98 stack dampers 123, 129, 130 total dissolved solids (TDS) 13, 279,
pulverized-coal burners 91 stack losses 39, 40, 41, 66, 114, 132, 283, 286, 287
purging combustible gasses on 133, 140, 142, 144, 205, 230 total heat of steam 29
light-off 76 steam 213 troubleshooting 101
steam compression 160, 166, 167 tubular heat exchangers 241
R steam distribution system losses tuned up efficiency 89, 186
radiant heat transfer 34, 35, 89 247, 250 tuneup 107, 108, 115, 116, 126, 127,
reducing excess air to improve effi- steam drum 5, 10, 14, 15, 83, 175, 129, 185, 227
ciency 184 256, 287 turbulators 137, 138
reducing stack temperature 168, steam leaks to the atmosphere 252 turndown 109, 134
186 steam pressure controller 79
reduction of fuel firing rate 123, 133 steam system 13, 37, 47, 48, 50, 73, v
regenerators 230, 231 117, 120, 142, 150, 151, 153, 154, vent condenser 168, 174, 175, 176
relative humidity 68 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162,
return on investment 160, 161, 203, 164, 166, 167, 175, 178, 207, 209, W
204, 207 211, 213, 219, 250, 252, 255, 256, warmup 14, 162, 266, 267, 281
rule of thumb 29, 45, 70, 118, 119, 257, 258, 259, 261, 263, 264, 266, waste heat recovery 174, 178, 227,
120, 121, 136, 142, 155, 156, 162, 275, 281, 283 228, 230, 234
168, 181, 212, 249, 252, 281 losses 45, 159, 160 boilers 168, 173
optimization 247 water hammer 14, 48
S tables 1, 29, 207 water hardness 280
safety 7, 63, 68, 76, 78, 93, 102, 107, temperature control 73, 74, 83, water tube boilers 3, 4, 21, 148
117, 118, 130, 150, 155, 160, 250, 110 wet steam 280
267, 287 steam trap inspection checklist 275
controls 73, 87 steam trap installation 266 Z
interlocks 76, 91, 93, 104 steam trap maintenance 159, 160, zirconium oxide cell 67, 68
valves 15, 75 161, 265