Page 11 - Carbonate Facies in Geologic History
P. 11
Contents
Chapter I Principles of Carbonate Sedimentation . . . . . . . .. 1
The Requisite Marine Environment: Warmth, Light, Water
Movement .................... 1
Carbonate Production Is Basically Organic . . . . . .. 4
Principal Hydrographic Controls on Carbonate Accumulation 5
The Local Origin of Carbonate Particles-Textural Inter-
pretation and Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7
Carbonate Deposition Is Rapid but Is Easily Inhibited and
Therefore Sporadic during Geologic Time . . . . . . . . 14
Carbonate Sediments and Rock Are Peculiarly Subject to
Many Stages of Diagenesis 16
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Chapter II The Stratigraphy of Carbonate Deposits 20
Definitions 20
The Basic Facies Pattern 24
Paleotectonic Settings for Carbonate Facies 29
Stratigraphic Sequences, Geometry, and Facies of Carbonate
Shelf Margins and Basins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Stratigraphic Sequences in Carbonates of Epeiric Seas on
Shelves and in Shallow Basins 46
Chapter III Outline of Carbonate Petrography 56
Techniques for Examining Carbonate Rocks 56
Microfacies Interpretations . . . . . . . 60
Standard Microfacies Types . . . . . . . 63
Diagenetic Changes in Carbonate Sediments 69
Biological Observations ........ 71
Glossary of Sedimentary Structures in Carbonate Rocks 75
Environmental Analysis of a Carbonate Thin Section 86
Significance of Color in Carbonate Rocks 89
Clastic Content in Carbonates 90
Porosity and Permeability . . . . . . . . 93
Chapter IV The Advent of Framebuilders in the Middle Paleozoic 96
The Earliest Buildups ......... 96
Silurian Buildups - Paleotectonic Settings 103
Devonian Buildups 118
Summary .............. 140
