Page 259 - Carbonate Platforms Facies, Sequences, and Evolution

2
3
4
to
or
244
and
The
A
gian
ages.
facies
above
1. Late
known
1500 m
formed
grabens.
andesites
(San
of
major
La Joya
Extensive
Tithonian
deeper-water
and
during
rift
fine
discussion
complexes
as Taman
age,
Andres
(Santiago-Zuloaga
JURASSIC
Burro-Peyotes
Kimmeridgian
in the Sabinas Basin,
and
BASEMENT
and
graben
Callovian
Formation,
Triassic-Liassic
rhyolites
overlie
inception
terrigenous
environment,
although
bottom to top are as follows:
uplifts,
of
basinal
may
the
shown
a batholith which yields K/ Ar
Table 3).
be
-Smackover)
represents an oolitic shoal facies.
redbeds
rift,
with
salt
by
such
lower
(Tepexic)
clastics
lithic arenites filled troughs south of
as
CONTROLS
(Huizachal
are
lower Huizachal (La Boca Formation).
and
and
to
and
of
Olvido-Haynesville)
mudstone
east flank of the Tamaulipas arch as well.
areas
of
the
General Jurassic stratigraphy of northeast
the equivalent San
ON
Salvador
SEDIMENTATION
isotope ratios
ammonites
plant fragments, the Huayacocotla Formation.
basalts
euxinic
redbeds
facies
indi­
The intrusive rocks and resulting higher top­
has been reviewed by Salvador (1987) whose corre­
ends to the south in a marine channel or aulacogen­
Kimmerid­
dates on the granites are between 139 and 234 Ma.
like embayment leading to the Pacific, filled with =
eroded and weathered granite batholiths of varying
These transgres­
age. At La Mula, Coahuila, this faulting cuts across
All these faults are Liassic to middle Jurassic in
south of the Coahuila block
older Jurassic to late Triassic redbeds, as for example
Faulting appears to cut across solidified crust forming
Mexico
preserve
ography are overlapped by sediments from Callovian
and within and west of the Tampico-Misantla Basin.
cating 208 Ma and in wells near Monterrey cooling
to
or
Basin. Some of these sediments should occur on the
around the Gulf of Mexico and are > 1000 m thick.
Sabinas
the updip redbed
The top of the Huizachal sequence, the Cahuasas
the Coahuila
They may range up to 2500m thick (see
thickness because of deposition and preservation in
lation chart is given in Fig. 3. The formations from
Formation)
variable
and
These feldspathic
Oxfordian
is
carbonate
sive units cover most of the horst blocks caused by
Andres
of Louisiana.) Its base is unconformable over the
J.L.
all
equivalent of the Middle Jurassic salt (the Norphlet
(1987)
2
5
1
Wilson
the
Gulf
south
exists.
earlier
clastics
Valley
of
fluenced
in
northern
redbeds.
northern
Eroded
evaporites
complexes,
Salvador
equivalent)
The
earliest
by
does
is
Evaporites.
Gulf
Gulf
what
Kimmeridgian
in
Mexico
may
Mesozoic
islands
the
arkosic sandstones
equivalent
age
was
the latter situation,
earliest
Both
Jurassic
Grande embayment.
coast.
basement high areas:
and
Coast)
to
to
exist
may
for
numerous
rifting.
be
updip
the
in
and
Louisiana.
These
middle
central and northern Mexico.
above sea-level (Figs 1 and 5).
discussed
become
evaporites
late
islands
Huehuetepec
Facies
The
Mexico they are termed Pimienta.
carbonates
grade
Cotton
the
the
are
northeast
Jurassic
equivalent
up
La Casita or La Caja Formation and
C. Victoria (see also Michalzik, 1988).
updip equivalents
surrounded
which
and
Callovian
Jurassic
to
in
and
Valley
by
are
into
Parras
(Callovian)
Formation
of late Jurassic and early
the
of
strongly
(Louann
correlations
debris and redbed strata of various Jurassic ages.
redbeds of arkosic sandstones and fluvial deposits.
in­
Cre­
Kimmeridgian­
Mexico. Their distribution helps outline palaeotec­
Basin.
the
The marine waters which fur­
protruded
Lower
·
Likewise the Burro-Peyotes uplift provided arkosic
Tithonian beds in northern Mexico are known as the
Cretaceous deposits. The Coahuila block furnished
southern
taceous age to areas in the Sabinas Basin and to the
Jurassic facies are influenced in several ways by
sands from its northeast flank. The silt-shale facies
The Jurassic ends with a blanket of fine-terrigenous
grades gulfward to carbonate exactly as the Cotton
arkosic
the Pacific and entered the Gulf via the Huayacocotla
Gulf
which
occur in rifted basins within the Gulf of Mexico and
as scattered salt domes in the Burgos Basin or Rio
nished the evaporites were apparently derived from
the Olvido Formation, exposed around Galeana and
The thick Minas Viejas evaporites which form a
pocket around Monterrey may also be all or in part
An unpublished stratigraphic study of Jurassic in
eastern Mexico by Sandstrom (1982) has indicated a
evaporites,
tonic elements. During times of aridity, evaporites
form both at the updip lagoonal margins of carbonate
commonly mixed with fine clastics, but
of
(Buckner
central
also in tectonically subsident areas, filling basins. In
in the
in
evaporites
(1987) has outlined the distribution of
usually
overlies the middle Jurassic or late Liassic Cahuasas
channel where a thick fossiliferous Liassic sequence