Page 324 - Carrahers_Polymer_Chemistry,_Eighth_Edition
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Naturally Occurring Polymers—Plants                                          287



                  TABLE 9.2
                  Noncellulosic Textile Fibers
                                                                                       Patent
                                                                                       Names
                  Fiber Name  Defi nition  Properties               Typical Uses        (Sample)
                  Acrylic    Acrylonitrile   Warm, light weight, shape retentive,   Carpeting, sweaters, skirts,   Orlon
                              units, 85% or   resilient, quick drying, resistant to   baby cloths, socks,
                              more        sunlight                  slacks, blankets,
                                                                    draperies
                  Modacrylic  Acrylonitrile   Resilient, softenable at low   Simulated fur, scatter rugs,   Verel, Dynel
                              units,      temperatures, easy to dye, abrasion   stuffed toys, paint rollers,
                              35%–85%     resistant, quick drying, shape   carpets, hairpieces, wigs
                                          retentive, resistant to acids, bases   fl eece fabrics
                  Polyester  Dihydric    Strong, resistant to stretching and   Permanent press ware,   Kodel, Fortrel,
                              acid–       shrinking, easy to dye, quick   skirts, slacks, underwear,   Chemstrand
                              terephthalic   drying, resistant to most chemicals,   blouses, rope, fi sh nets,   Dacron
                              acid ester,   easily washed, abrasion resistant;   tire cord, sails, thread
                              85% or more  retains heat set (permanent press)
                  Spandex    Segmented   Light, soft, smooth, resistant to body   Girdles, bras, slacks   Lycra
                              polyurethane,   oils, can be stretched often, retain   bathing suits, pillows
                              85% or more  original form, abrasion resistant
                  Nylon      Reoccurring   Very strong, elastic, lustrous, easy to   Carpeting, upholstery,   Caprolan,
                              amide groups  wash, abrasion resistant, smooth,   blouses, tents, sails,   Astroturf,
                                          resilient, low moisture absorbency,   hosiery, suits, tire cord,   Celanese
                                          recovers quickly from extensions  fabrics, rope, nets  polyester




                  TABLE 9.3
                  Cellulosic Fibers
                                                                                   Patent Names
                  Fiber Name  Defi nition      Properties         Typical Uses      (Sample)
                  Rayon      Regenerated cellulose   Highly absorbent, soft,   Dresses, suits, slacks,   Avril, Cuprel,
                             with less than 15%   comfortable, easy to   blouses, coats, tire cord,   Zantel
                             OH substituted    dye, good drapability  ties, curtains, blankets
                  Acetate    Not less than 92% OH   Fast drying, supple, wide   Dresses, shirts, slacks,   Estron, Celanese
                             groups acetylated  range of dyeability,   draperies, upholstery,   acetate
                                               shrink resistant  cigarette fi lters
                  Triacetate  Derived from cellulose   Resistant to shrinking,   Skirts, dresses,   Arnel
                             by combining with   wrinkling, and fading;   sportswear
                             acetic acid and/or   easily washed
                             acetic anhydride


                    Partially degraded cellulose is called hydrocellulose or oxycellulose depending on the agent used
                 for degradation. The term holocellulose is used to describe the residue after lignin has been removed
                 from wood pulp.
                    Control of the regeneration conditions, together with a wide variety of modification, allows the

                 production of a wide variety of products, including high wet modulus fibers, hollow fi bers, crimped



                 fibers, and fl ame-resistant fibers. While almost all rayon is produced using the viscose process,

                 some fibers are still produced using the cuprammonium process whereby cellulose is dissolved in
                 an ammonium-copper II-alkaline solution.




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         K10478.indb   287                                                                    9/14/2010   3:40:40 PM
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