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Naturally Occurring Polymers—Plants 287
TABLE 9.2
Noncellulosic Textile Fibers
Patent
Names
Fiber Name Defi nition Properties Typical Uses (Sample)
Acrylic Acrylonitrile Warm, light weight, shape retentive, Carpeting, sweaters, skirts, Orlon
units, 85% or resilient, quick drying, resistant to baby cloths, socks,
more sunlight slacks, blankets,
draperies
Modacrylic Acrylonitrile Resilient, softenable at low Simulated fur, scatter rugs, Verel, Dynel
units, temperatures, easy to dye, abrasion stuffed toys, paint rollers,
35%–85% resistant, quick drying, shape carpets, hairpieces, wigs
retentive, resistant to acids, bases fl eece fabrics
Polyester Dihydric Strong, resistant to stretching and Permanent press ware, Kodel, Fortrel,
acid– shrinking, easy to dye, quick skirts, slacks, underwear, Chemstrand
terephthalic drying, resistant to most chemicals, blouses, rope, fi sh nets, Dacron
acid ester, easily washed, abrasion resistant; tire cord, sails, thread
85% or more retains heat set (permanent press)
Spandex Segmented Light, soft, smooth, resistant to body Girdles, bras, slacks Lycra
polyurethane, oils, can be stretched often, retain bathing suits, pillows
85% or more original form, abrasion resistant
Nylon Reoccurring Very strong, elastic, lustrous, easy to Carpeting, upholstery, Caprolan,
amide groups wash, abrasion resistant, smooth, blouses, tents, sails, Astroturf,
resilient, low moisture absorbency, hosiery, suits, tire cord, Celanese
recovers quickly from extensions fabrics, rope, nets polyester
TABLE 9.3
Cellulosic Fibers
Patent Names
Fiber Name Defi nition Properties Typical Uses (Sample)
Rayon Regenerated cellulose Highly absorbent, soft, Dresses, suits, slacks, Avril, Cuprel,
with less than 15% comfortable, easy to blouses, coats, tire cord, Zantel
OH substituted dye, good drapability ties, curtains, blankets
Acetate Not less than 92% OH Fast drying, supple, wide Dresses, shirts, slacks, Estron, Celanese
groups acetylated range of dyeability, draperies, upholstery, acetate
shrink resistant cigarette fi lters
Triacetate Derived from cellulose Resistant to shrinking, Skirts, dresses, Arnel
by combining with wrinkling, and fading; sportswear
acetic acid and/or easily washed
acetic anhydride
Partially degraded cellulose is called hydrocellulose or oxycellulose depending on the agent used
for degradation. The term holocellulose is used to describe the residue after lignin has been removed
from wood pulp.
Control of the regeneration conditions, together with a wide variety of modification, allows the
production of a wide variety of products, including high wet modulus fibers, hollow fi bers, crimped
fibers, and fl ame-resistant fibers. While almost all rayon is produced using the viscose process,
some fibers are still produced using the cuprammonium process whereby cellulose is dissolved in
an ammonium-copper II-alkaline solution.
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