Page 355 - Carrahers_Polymer_Chemistry,_Eighth_Edition

318 Carraher’s Polymer Chemistry

3. Why is cellulose stronger than amylose?
4. How does the monosaccharide hydrolytic product of celllulose differ from the hydrolytic prod-
uct of starch?
5. What is paper made from?
6. How many hydroxyl groups are present on each anhydroglucose unit in cellulose?
7. Which would be more polar—tertiary or secondary cellulose acetate?
8. Why would you expect chitin to be soluble in hydrochloric acid?
9. Which is more apt to form a helix: (a) amylose or (b) amylopectin?
10. Why is amylopectin soluble in water?
11. How do the configurations differ for (a) gutta percha and (b) NR?

12. The formation of what polymer is responsible for tanning?
13. Will the tensile force required to stretch rubber increase or decrease as the temperature is
increased?
14. Does a stretched rubber band expand or contract when heated?
15. List three requirements for an elastomer.
16. Why is there an interest in the cultivation of guayule?
17. Are the polymerization processes for synthesis and natural cis-polyisoprene (a) similar or
(b) different?
18. What does the presence of C H units in NR indicate?
5 8
19. Why does a rubber band become opaque when stretched?
20. What is the most important contribution to retractile forces in highly elongated rubber?
21. What is present in so-called vulcanized rubber compounds?
22. When a rubber band is stretched, what happens to its temperature?
23. Why are natural plastics not used more?
24. What type of solvent would you choose for shellac?
25. Why is lignin sometimes referred to as being a two-dimensional polymer?
26. Which is a polymer: (a) rosin or (b) ester gum?
27. If the annual production of paper is more than 100 million tons, how much lignin is discarded
from paper production annually?
28. Might an article molded from Galalith be valuable?
29. What are some of the obstacles in using polymer-intensive plants as feedstocks for the prepara-
tion of fuels such as ethanol?
30. Since there are many plants that give a rubber-like latex, what are the impediments to their use
as replacements for NR?
31. If you were beginning an industrial research project aiming at obtaining useful products from
lignin, what might be some of the first areas of research you might investigate?

32. How is melanin related to race?
33. It is interesting that while a number of sun tan lotion ingredients are used, that one of the more
recent ones that offers broad-range protection is titanium dioxide. What other major use of tita-
nium dioxide is there?

ADDITIONAL READING
Carraher, C., Sperling, L. H. (1983): Polymer Applications of Renewable-Resource Materials, Plenum, NY.
Chiellini, E. (2001): Biomedical Polymers and Polymer Therapeutics, Kluwer, NY.
Dumitriu, S. (2001): Polymeric Biomaterials, Dekker, NY.
Gar, H., Cowman, M., Hales, C. (2008): Carbohydrate Chemistry: Biology and Medical Applications,
Elsevier, NY.
Gebelein, C. Carraher, C. (1995): Industrial Biotechnological Polymers, Technomic, Lancaster, PA.
Hecht, S. M. (1998): Bioorganic Chemistry: Carbohydrates, Oxford University Press, Cary, NC.
Kennedy, J., Mitchell, J., Sandford, P. (1995): Carbohydrate Polymers, Elsevier, NY.
Paulsen, B. (2000): Bioactive Carbohydrate Polymers, Kluwer, NY.

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