Page 716 - Carrahers_Polymer_Chemistry,_Eighth_Edition

Solutions 679

15. Acid or carboxylic acid groups. Positive side under most conditions. Polyelectrolyte.
16. Methionione and cystein. Formation of sulfur oxides and eventually acid rain if not collected
before it becomes part of our atmospheric air.
17. All amino acids contain the amine or nitrogen-containing functional group. Formation
of nitrogen oxides and eventually acid rain if not collected before it becoming part of our
atmospheric air.
18. Globular or spherical. To allow the hydrophobic areas to cluster internally and to place the
hydrophilic portions to the exterior coming into contact with the water-rich exterior. Composed
of amino acids or proteins.
19. Ones that must be obtained from sources other than ourselves such as in vitamin pills and, more
preferred, our food.
20. Sulfur is also used as a cross-linking agent such as for our hair to lock in the overall structure.
21. We are finding out more and more that what we consider as “junk” is essential for the bioactive

molecule to perform its function. If nothing else, it forms the template that presents the active
sites in the needed structure.

22. The flow of biological information can be mapped as follows:
DNA —> RNA —> Protein —> Cell structure and Function
23. As the name implies, in general, chaperonins accompany and help proteins fold as they are
formed.
24. The clefts and indentions provide necessary protection to the active site such that unwanted
molecules will not occupy, distort, or destroy the active site.
25. Students/teachers call as to what disease/illness is selected.
8
−9
26. One in 0.01 × 0.001 × 0.004 = 4 × 10 or a good match. Or 1 in 2.5 × 10 = 250,000,000 or 1 in
250 million, near the population of the United States, which is near 300 million.

CHAPTER 11
1. The formation of cyclic compounds instead of linear polymers.
2. By using a mixture of monochloroaldylsilanes and dichloroaldylsilanes.
3. Like the alkyl pendant groups, 6–7 H.
4. The silanol groups in silicic acid are polar, but the alkyl groups in silicones are much less
polar.
5. Acidify it. The silicic acid will spontaneously polymerize.
6. Failure of polymers at elevated temperatures is usually due to the breaking of covalent bonds in
the main polymer chain. The –O–Si–O– bonds are very strong.
7. –O–Si(Et) –)–
2
8. Phosphorus pentachloride and ammonium chloride.
9. PCl + 4H O → H PO + 5HCl, therefore
5 2 3 4
Cl OH
− −
−(−P=N−)− −(−P=N−)−
− −
Cl OH
10. (b).

11. H
B
HN NH

HB BH
N
H

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K10478.indb 679 9/14/2010 3:44:17 PM