Page 395 - Civil Engineering Formulas

HYDRAULICS AND WATERWORKS FORMULAS 323

F 1 = 1 – 1.7, Undular jump

F 1 = 1.7 – 2.5, Weak jump
oscillating jet

F 1 = 2.5 – 4.5, Oscillating jump

F 1 = 4.5 – 9.0, Steady jump

F 1 = Larger than 9.0, strong jump
FIGURE 12.17 Type of hydraulic jump depends on
Froude number.

NONUNIFORM FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS

Symbols used in this section are V velocity of flow in the open channel, ft/s
2
2
(m/s); D critical depth, ft (m); g acceleration due to gravity, ft/s (m/s );
c
3
3
Q flow rate, ft /s (m /s); q flow rate per unit width, ft /ft (m /m); and H
3
3
m
minimum specific energy, ft lb/lb (kg m/kg). Channel dimensions are in feet or
meters and the symbols for them are given in the text and illustrations.