Page 206 - Color Atlas of Biochemistry

Basics 197

A. Comparison of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Organisms

Eubacteria Fungi
1-10 µm Archaebacteria Plants
Animals

Form
Single-celled Single or multi-cellular

Organelles, cytoskeleton, cell division apparatus 10-100 µm
Missing Present, complicated, specialized

Small, circular, no DNA
introns, plasmids Large, in nucleus, many introns
RNA: Synthesis and maturation

Simple, in cytoplasm Complicated, in nucleus

Protein: Synthesis and maturation
Simple, coupled with Complicated, in the cytoplasm
RNA synthesis and the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Metabolism
Anaerobic or aerobic
very flexible Mostly aerobic, compartmented

Endocytosis and Exocytosis
no yes

B. Structure of an animal cell

Golgi complex Plasma
6% ? membrane

Nucleus
Lysosome
6% 1
1% 300
Rough
endoplasmic Endosome
reticulum 1% 200
9% 1

Mitochondrion Free
ribosomes
22% ~2000

Peroxisome Cytoplasm
1% 400 54% 1

Number per cell Proportion of
10-30 µm
cell volume

Koolman, Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition © 2005 Thieme
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