Page 370 - Color Atlas of Biochemistry

Nutrients 361

A. Energy requirement

Daily Recommended proportion of energy supply:
requirement
(average) Fats 30%
Proteins Carbohydrates
15 - 20% 50 - 55%
9 200 kJ 12 600 kJ
(2 200 kcal) (3000 kcal)

B. Nutrients

Quantity Energy content Daily General function Essential
in body kJ · g -1 requirement (g) in metabolism constituents
-1
(kg) (kcal · g ) a b c
10 17 37 55 92 Supplier of amino acids Essential
(4.1) amino acids::
29 45 75 Energy source Val (14)
Proteins Leu (16)
Ile
(12)
Lys (12)
Daily require-
( 3)
Trp
ment in mg per Phe (16) Cys and
His stimu-
kg body weight Met (10) late growth
Thr ( 8)
17
1 (4.1) 0 390 240- General source Non-essential
nutritional
of energy (glucose)
310
Carbo- hydrates Energy reserve constituent
(glycogen)
Roughage (cellulose)
Supporting substances
(bones, cartilage, mucus)
10-15 39 10 80 130 General energy source Poly-
(9.3) unsaturated
Most important energy fatty acids:
reserve Linoleic acid
Fats Solvent for vitamins Linolenic acid
Supplier of Arachidonic acid
essential fatty acids (together
10 g/day)
35-40 0 2 400 – – Solvent
Water Cellular building block
Dielectric
Reaction partner
Temperature regulator
Minerals 3 0 Building blocks Macrominerals
Microminerals
Electrolytes
(trace elements)
Cofactors of enzymes
Vitamins – – Often precursors Lipid-soluble vitamins
of coenzymes
Water-soluble
vitamins

a: Minimum daily requirement b: Recommended daily intake c: Actual daily intake in
c: industrialized nations

Koolman, Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition © 2005 Thieme
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