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space-time perceptions, 28–9 television, cont.
Spain, 5, 28, 192, 193, 199, 236 international programme flows,
Sparks, C., 220, 221 4–5, 13–22, 25, 28, 36–52, 71
Spender, D., 255, 257 ownership, 170
spin-doctoring, 121 persuasive capability of, 205
‘spiral of silence’, 59, 133 and political communication, 10–11,
Splichal, S., 221 31, 103–17, 118–24
state/government, 2 prime-time, 38–9, 39–40, 41, 42, 48
accountability to, 95, 96, 194, 195 programme quotas, 28, 47, 50
communication policies, 9–10 talk shows, 103, 109, 111, 115, 119, 123
as information source, 145, 146, 173 see also commercial television; public
and media operations, 95, 96, 97, service broadcasting; television
139–53, 173, 194, 195, 220, 226–7 fiction; television news
publicity/public relations, 121, 173 television fiction, 2, 6–7, 28, 36–52
statistics, official, 173 American imports, 7, 28, 36–52, 71–88, 235
Stith, M.T., 272 origin and distribution of, 39–50
Stokes, Sir J., 176 programme weight of, 38, 47
Strauss, A., 263 reception analysis, 71–88
Stromer-Galley, J., 123 see also soap operas
structural-functionalism, 222 television news, 6, 25, 118, 119,
style, 24 159, 179, 183
subsidization, 5 international stations, 178, 181, 182
Sun, 167, 169 politics and, 105, 106–8, 112–13, 114
survey research, 64, 67 Russia, 220–34
Swanson, D.L., 122, 235, 248 television verité, 25
Sweden terrorism, 5, 91
journalism ethics, 192, 193, 199 testis and textum, 206–7
news reporting, 106, 107, 108 textual analysis, 6, 8, 66
soap operas, 240, 241, 242, 243–4, 249, 250 textual polysemy, 73, 86
SWG, 210 Tidhar, C.E., 132, 136, 137
Switzerland, 48, 192, 193, 199 Tigert, D., 271, 280
time-space perceptions, 28–9
‘tabloidization’, 7, 104 The Times, 165, 209, 213, 216–17, 218
talk shows, 103, 109, 111, 115, 119, 123 Todd, E., 249
Tarde, G., 1 Topuz, H., 201
teaching programmes, 2–3 Tracey, M., 14, 71, 74, 184
technology see information and trade, 30
communications technology transactional communication, 205
technophilia, 260 transfer technique, 213, 218 n.8
Tekbir Clothing Company, 289 transnationalization, 15–21, 24
telecommunications, 3, 5, 24, 29 Tre Kronor, 240, 241
regulation of, 5, 10 trust, 97–8, 99
telenovelas, 46, 236, 237, 240 truthfulness, 198, 200, 203
telephones, 170, 255–6, 258, 262 Tunstall, J., 1, 13, 14, 36, 224
television, 1, 54, 57, 89, 118–19, 262 Turkey, 191, 193, 199, 201
American imports, 7, 28, 31, 36–52, collective identity, 283–4
71–88, 235 modernization, 283–4, 287
cable and satellite, 10, 27, 28, 170, 172 and practice of veiling, 284–96
co-productions, 44, 45, 47–8 Turkle, S., 257, 260, 265, 266
digital, 10 Tylor, E.B., 33
entertainment programmes, 38, 49,
109, 110, 111, 113 unanimity, 77, 83
films on, 39, 41–3, 47, 48, 49 United States
information programmes, 38, 39, European relations with, 5
49, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114 political communication, 31, 121–2
see also television news television fiction, 236–7, 238, 244, 247, 248