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Appendix 3

                                                LIST OF EXAMPLES




                            Example 2.1. Mass-spectrograph calibration                            20
                            Example   2.2. Ordinary differential equations: a two-point boundary
                                          value problem                                           20
                            Example 2.3. Least squares                                            23
                            Example 2.4. Surveying-data fitting                                   24
                            Example 2.5. Illustration of the matrix eigenvalue problem            28
                            Example 3.1. The generalised inverse of a rectangular matrix via the
                                          singular-value decomposition                            44
                            Example 3.2. Illustration of the use of algorithm 2                   45
                            Example 4.1. The operation of Givens’ reduction                       52
                            Example 4.2. The use of algorithm 4                                   62
                            Example   6.1. The use of linear equations and linear least-squares prob-
                                          lems                                                   77
                            Example 7.1. The Choleski decomposition of the Moler matrix          91
                            Example   7.2. Solving least-squares problems via the normal equations  92
                            Example 8.1. The behaviour of the Bauer-Reinsch Gauss-Jordan in-
                                          version                                               100
                            Example 9.1. Inverse iteration                                      108
                            Example 9.2. Eigensolutions of a complex matrix                     117
                            Example 10.1. Principal axes of a cube                              125
                            Example 10.2. Application of the Jacobi algorithm in celestial mechanics  131
                            Example 11.1. The generalised symmetric eigenproblem: the anhar-
                                          monic oscillator                                      138
                            Example 12.1. Function minimisation-optimal operation of a public
                                          lottery                                               144
                            Example 12.2. Nonlinear least squares                               144
                            Example 12.3. An illustration of a system of simultaneous nonlinear
                                          equations                                             144
                            Example 12.4. Root-finding                                          145
                            Example 12.5. Minimum of a function of one variable                 146
                            Example 13.1. Grid and linear search                                156
                            Example 13.2. A test of root-finding algorithms                     164
                            Example 13.3. Actuarial calculations                                165
                            Example 14.1. Using the Nelder-Mead simplex procedure (algorithm 19)  180
                            Example 15.1. Illustration of the variable metric algorithm 21      196
                            Example 16.1. Conjugate gradients minimisation                      204
                            Example 17.1. Marquardt’s minimisation of a nonlinear sum of squares  216
                            Example 18.1. Optimal operation of a public lottery                 228
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