Page 28 - Concise Encyclopedia of Robotics

Artificial Stimulus
Fourth level
Third level
Tasks
Complex motions
Second level
First level Artificial intelligence
Simple motions
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence, at the top level, encompasses properties, behav-
iors, and tasks and involves robots with features such as the ability to:
• Sense physical variables such as light and sound
• Generate high-resolution images (vision system)
• Develop a concept of reality (world model)
• Determine the optimum or most efficient course of action
• Learn from past mistakes
• Create a plan in a given situation, and then follow it through
• Modify a plan as changes occur in the environment
• Carry on two-way conversations with humans or other machines
• Infer solutions based on limited or incomplete information
• Develop new ways to solve old problems
• Search the knowledge base for specific facts or solutions
• Program themselves
• Improve their own designs
Artificial intelligence is difficult to quantify; the most tempting standard
is to compare “machine intelligence”with human intelligence. For example,
a smart machine can be given an intelligence quotient (IQ) test similar to
the tests designed to measure human intelligence. In this interpretation, the
level of AI increases as a robot or computer becomes more “human-like”in
its reactions to the world around it.Another scheme involves the use of games
requiring look-ahead strategy, such as checkers or chess.
ARTIFICIAL STIMULUS
An artificial stimulus is a method of guiding a robot along a specified
path. The automated guided vehicle (AGV), for example, makes use of a
magnetic field to follow certain routes in its environment.

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