Page 326 - Confronting Race Women and Indians on the Frontier, 1815 - 1915

NOTES TO PAGES 23 8-43

154. As with the overland experience, men's comments on the Panama cross­
ing differed fr om women's in certain respects. Unhampered by hoop­
skirts, children, and nineteenth-century standards of modesty and privacy,
men were more likely to see the Panama passage as a "pleasant excur­
sion." David Edwards Blaine to Dear Bro. e rry, S October 1 8 53, Steamer
T
"Ohio," Letters, 1824-1900,Beinecke Collection,Yale University Library,
New Haven, Conn. Men were also more interested than women in dis­
tances, soil and other resources, and business developments. John Xantus,
Letters f rom North America (Detroit: W a yne State University Press, 1975),
171-73; William S. Ament, By Sea to California (Los Angeles: Powell
Publishing, 1929), 331-43. Many male emigrants who crossed Panama
noted the squalor and nakedness of the natives but argued that Y a nkee
enterprise was rousing them f r om their "dreamy lethargy." Quoted in
Myres, Ho o r California!, . Others agreed that the rapid progress of com­
f
5
merce was gready transforming the country and its people. Myres, Ho f o r
f
California!, 5; Xantus, Letters rom NorthAmerica, 171. Thus, unlike women,
men tended to see Panama less in its sordid present than its promising
f u ture.
ISS. Ralph Grillo, Pluralism and the Politics of Difference: State, Culture, and
Ethnicity in Comparative Perspective (Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1998),
97-n8.

Chapter 7

I . David Peterson Del Mar, Beaten Down: A History cif Interpersonal Violence
W
in the ffist (Seatde: University of a shington Press, 2002), 13-45.
2. David R. Maciel and Erlinda Gonzales-Berry, "The Nineteenth Century:
Overview," 12-22, in The Contested Homeland: A Chicano History of New
Mexico, ed. Erlinda Gonzales-Berry and David R. Maciel (Albuquerque:
University of New Mexico Press, 2000)
3 . Virginia Irving Armstrong, comp., I Have S p oken:American History through
the V o ices cifthe Indians (Chicago: Sage Books, 1971), 75.
4. Lee Myers, "The Enigma of Mangas Coloradas' Death," New Mexico
Historical Review 41 (October 1966): 287-306.
5. No author, Old Lincoln County Pioneer Stories (Lincoln, N.Mex.: Lincoln
County Historical Society, 1940), l-ro.
6. No author, Record cif Engagements with Hostile Indians (Fort Collins, Colo.:
1
Old Army Press, f a csimile 1972, original c. 8 83), 84-85 93-97.
7. Ward Churchill, A Little Matter of Genocide: Holocaust and Denial in the
Americas, 1492 to the Present (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1997),
205-21.

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