Page 185 - Contemporary Cultural Theory

NOTES

24. Ibid., p. xxiii.
25. D.Bell, The coming of post-industrial society (New York, Basic Books, 1973).
26. D.Bell, The cultural contradictions of capitalism (London, Heinemann, 1976).
27. D.Bell, Beyond modernism, beyond self, in Art, politics and will: essays in honour
of Lionel Trilling, eds. Q.Anderson et al. (New York, Basic Books, 1977).
28. L Trilling, Beyond culture (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1967).
29. Bell, Cultural contradictions of capitalism, pp. 80–1, 84.
30. Bell, Beyond modernism, beyond self, p. 243.
31. Ibid., pp. 250–2.
32. Lyotard, Postmodern condition, p. 79.
33. R.Williams, Culture (Glasgow, Fontana, 1981), p. 93.
34. F.Tönnies, Community and association, tr. C.P.Loomis (London, Routledge &
Kegan Paul, 1955), pp. 37–9.
35. E.Durkheim, The division of labor in society, tr. G.Simpson (New York, Free
Press, 1964), pp. 129–32.
36. cf. T.S.Eliot, Notes towards the definition of culture (London, Faber, 1962);
F.R.Leavis & D.Thompson, Culture and environment (London, Chatto & Windus,
1960).
37. F.R.Leavis, The common pursuit (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1962), pp. 188–
190.
38. R.Williams, The long revolution (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1965), p. 187.
39. Terry Lovell has argued very persuasively for the significance of female as distinct
from male writers, and fantastic as distinct from realist motifs, in the early history
of the novel, cf. T.Lovell, Consuming fiction (London, Verso, 1987). This clearly
invalidates certain central theses originally advanced by Watt in 1957, but not,
I think, the general notion of an early bourgeois, male preference for formal
realism, cf. I.Watt, The rise of the novel: studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding
(Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1963, ch.2).
40. Watt, The rise of the novel, p. 43.
41. L.Febvre and H-J.Martin, The coming of the book: the impact of printing 1450–
1800, tr. D.Gerard, eds. G.Nowell-Smith & D.Wootton (London, New Left
Books, 1976), p. 220.
42. B.Crick, George Orwell: a life (London, Secker & Warburg, 1980), p. 393.
43. M.Bradbury & J.McFarlane (eds), Modernism 1890–1930 (Harmondsworth,
Penguin, 1976).
44. V.Woolf, Mr Bennett & Mrs Brown, Collected essays I, (London, Hogarth Press,
1966), p. 321.
45. Bradbury & McFarlane, p. 29.
46. P.Burger, Theory of the avant-garde, tr. M.Shaw (Minneapolis, University of
Minnesota Press, 1984), p. 22.
47. Ibid., pp. 46–9.
48. P.Bourdieu, Distinction: a social critique of the judgement of taste, tr. R.Nice
(London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984).
49. A.Huyssen, After the great divide: modernism, mass culture and postmodernism
(London, Macmillan, 1988).
50. Bell, Cultural contradictions of capitalism, pp. 51–2.
51. J.Baudrillard, America, tr. C.Turner (London, Verso, 1988), p. 101.
52. Bürger, p. 63.
53. Jameson, Postmodernism, pp. 17, 2.
54. Lash, Sociology of postmodernism, pp. 173–4.
55. cf. A.Heller, Existentialism, alienation, postmodernism: cultural movements as

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