Page 14 - Coulson Richardson's Chemical Engineering Vol.6 Chemical Engineering Design 4th Edition

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11.14.2
597
11.14.3 Packed-bed height CONTENTS 593
Prediction of the height of a transfer unit (HTU)
11.14.4 Column diameter (capacity) 602
11.14.5 Column internals 609
11.14.6 Wetting rates 616
11.15 Column auxiliaries 616
11.16 Solvent extraction (liquid liquid extraction) 617
11.16.1 Extraction equipment 617
11.16.2 Extractor design 618
11.16.3 Extraction columns 623
11.16.4 Supercritical fluid extraction 624
11.17 References 624
11.18 Nomenclature 627
11.19 Problems 630
12 Heat-transfer Equipment 634
12.1 Introduction 634
12.2 Basic design procedure and theory 635
12.2.1 Heat exchanger analysis: the effectiveness NTU method 636
12.3 Overall heat-transfer coefficient 636
12.4 Fouling factors (dirt factors) 638
12.5 Shell and tube exchangers: construction details 640
12.5.1 Heat-exchanger standards and codes 644
12.5.2 Tubes 645
12.5.3 Shells 647
12.5.4 Tube-sheet layout (tube count) 647
12.5.5 Shell types (passes) 649
12.5.6 Shell and tube designation 649
12.5.7 Baffles 650
12.5.8 Support plates and tie rods 652
12.5.9 Tube sheets (plates) 652
12.5.10 Shell and header nozzles (branches) 653
12.5.11 Flow-induced tube vibrations 653
12.6 Mean temperature difference (temperature driving force) 655
12.7 Shell and tube exchangers: general design considerations 660
12.7.1 Fluid allocation: shell or tubes 660
12.7.2 Shell and tube fluid velocities 660
12.7.3 Stream temperatures 661
12.7.4 Pressure drop 661
12.7.5 Fluid physical properties 661
12.8 Tube-side heat-transfer coefficient and pressure drop (single phase) 662
12.8.1 Heat transfer 662
12.8.2 Tube-side pressure drop 666
12.9 Shell-side heat-transfer and pressure drop (single phase) 669
12.9.1 Flow pattern 669
12.9.2 Design methods 670
12.9.3 Kern’s method 671
12.9.4 Bell’s method 693
12.9.5 Shell and bundle geometry 702
12.9.6 Effect of fouling on pressure drop 705
12.9.7 Pressure-drop limitations 705
12.10 Condensers 709
12.10.1 Heat-transfer fundamentals 710
12.10.2 Condensation outside horizontal tubes 710
12.10.3 Condensation inside and outside vertical tubes 711
12.10.4 Condensation inside horizontal tubes 716
12.10.5 Condensation of steam 717
12.10.6 Mean temperature difference 717
12.10.7 Desuperheating and sub-cooling 717