Page 15 - Coulson Richardson's Chemical Engineering Vol.6 Chemical Engineering Design 4th Edition

xiv
12.10.8
Pressure drop in condensers
723
12.10.9 Condensation of mixtures CONTENTS 719
12.11 Reboilers and vaporisers 728
12.11.1 Boiling heat-transfer fundamentals 731
12.11.2 Pool boiling 732
12.11.3 Convective boiling 735
12.11.4 Design of forced-circulation reboilers 740
12.11.5 Design of thermosyphon reboilers 741
12.11.6 Design of kettle reboilers 750
12.12 Plate heat exchangers 756
12.12.1 Gasketed plate heat exchangers 756
12.12.2 Welded plate 764
12.12.3 Plate-fin 764
12.12.4 Spiral heat exchangers 765
12.13 Direct-contact heat exchangers 766
12.14 Finned tubes 767
12.15 Double-pipe heat exchangers 768
12.16 Air-cooled exchangers 769
12.17 Fired heaters (furnaces and boilers) 769
12.17.1 Basic construction 770
12.17.2 Design 771
12.17.3 Heat transfer 772
12.17.4 Pressure drop 774
12.17.5 Process-side heat transfer and pressure drop 774
12.17.6 Stack design 774
12.17.7 Thermal efficiency 775
12.18 Heat transfer to vessels 775
12.18.1 Jacketed vessels 775
12.18.2 Internal coils 777
12.18.3 Agitated vessels 778
12.19 References 782
12.20 Nomenclature 786
12.21 Problems 790
13 Mechanical Design of Process Equipment 794
13.1 Introduction 794
13.1.1 Classification of pressure vessels 795
13.2 Pressure vessel codes and standards 795
13.3 Fundamental principles and equations 796
13.3.1 Principal stresses 796
13.3.2 Theories of failure 797
13.3.3 Elastic stability 798
13.3.4 Membrane stresses in shells of revolution 798
13.3.5 Flat plates 805
13.3.6 Dilation of vessels 809
13.3.7 Secondary stresses 809
13.4 General design considerations: pressure vessels 810
13.4.1 Design pressure 810
13.4.2 Design temperature 810
13.4.3 Materials 811
13.4.4 Design stress (nominal design strength) 811
13.4.5 Welded joint efficiency, and construction categories 812
13.4.6 Corrosion allowance 813
13.4.7 Design loads 814
13.4.8 Minimum practical wall thickness 814
13.5 The design of thin-walled vessels under internal pressure 815
13.5.1 Cylinders and spherical shells 815
13.5.2 Heads and closures 815
13.5.3 Design of flat ends 817
13.5.4 Design of domed ends 818
13.5.5 Conical sections and end closures 819