Page 143 - Cultural Competence in Health Education

Health Education Theoretical Models and Multicultural Populations 121

■ Campinha - Bacote suggests that the process of cultural competence comprises fi ve
essential constructs: cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural encounters,
cultural skills, and cultural desire.

■ The cultural assessment framework contains five levels of racial, ethnic - and
culture - specific assessments that should be conducted when planning health pro-

motion program for multicultural groups. These assessments can also be incor-
porated into such tools as surveys, focus groups, and other formative evaluation
processes.
■ The PEN - 3 model provides a functional method of addressing culture in the devel-
opment, implementation, and evaluation of health education and promotion
programs. It also allows health educators to conduct culture - based research and
develop effective interventions for combating illnesses in racial and ethnic
groups.

CASE STUDY

As a health educator, you need to develop a community health education and promo-
tion program for the members of a diverse community. The population of this commu-
nity is 45 percent white, 35 percent African American, 10 percent Hispanic, 5 percent
Asian and Pacific Islander, and 5 percent members of other ethnic groups. Preliminary

data show that the African American population has a significantly higher mortality

rate than the other ethnic groups for heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS
and also a higher rate of infant mortality.
1. What steps would you follow to assess the health education needs of this

community?

2. What cultural factors do you need to consider when developing a program?
3. What cultural factors will influence the risk behaviors among members of this

community?
4. What culturally appropriate strategies will you include in your intervention?

KEY TERMS

Cultural assessment framework (CAF) Cultural knowledge
Cultural awareness Cultural skills
Cultural competence PEN - 3 model
Cultural desire Purnell model
Cultural encounter

7/1/08 2:54:04 PM
c06.indd 121 7/1/08 2:54:04 PM
c06.indd 121