Page 555 - Cultures and Organizations

520 Glossary

one for the task and one for the professional side, or one for the business
line and one for the country.

MONUMENTALISM: a characteristic of societies that reflect the state in
which the human self is like a proud and stable monolithic monument.
Together with its opposite pole, fl exhumility, this is one of Misho Minkov’s
WVS-based dimensions of national cultures.
MORAL CIRCLE: the group of all people to whom full moral rights and
obligations are granted, usually unconsciously. A moral circle requires a
culture. People can belong to several moral circles with different degrees
of reach—for example, nationality, religion, organization, family.
MOTIVATION: an assumed force operating internally that induces an indi-
vidual to choose one action over another.
NATIONAL CHARACTER: a term used in the past to describe what is called
in this book national culture. A disadvantage of the term character is that it
stresses the individual aspects at the expense of the social system.

NATIONAL CULTURE: the collective programming of the mind acquired by
growing up in a particular country.

NATURAL SELECTION: differential survival of descendants of the same par-
ent form, leading to evolution of that form (the replicator).
NUCLEAR FAMILY: a family group including only relatives in the fi rst degree
(parents and children).

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE: the collective programming of the mind that
distinguishes the members of one organization from another.

PARADIGM: a set of common assumptions that dominate a scientifi c fi eld

and constrain the thinking of the scientists in that fi eld.
PARTICULARISM: a way of thinking prevailing in collectivist societies, in
which the standards for the way a person should be treated depend on the
group to which the person belongs.
PATH DEPENDENCY: the fact that evolution (or any other process) is con-
strained by its own history. As a consequence, from every next evolution-
ary step there is no way back.