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Chapter 4.2: What Is Big Data?
           the repetitive records have the same identifying information in exactly the same
           structure.













               Fig. 4.2.5 Repetitive records have the same context.


           From the standpoint of repetitiveness and predictability, big data indeed has very
           structured data inside it.


           So in answer to the question does big data have structure?—if you look at the question
           from the standpoint of structure meaning a structured DBMS infrastructure, then big data
           does not contain structured data. But if you look at big data from the standpoint of
           containing repetitive data with predictable context, then big data can be said to be
           structured.


           The answer to the question then is neither yes nor no. The answer to the question
           depends entirely on the definition of what is meant by structured and unstructured.



           Nonrepetitive Data



           Even if big data can contain structured data, big data can also contain what is called
           “nonrepetitive” data as well. Nonrepetitive records of data are records where the
           structure and content of the records are entirely independent of each other. Where there
           is nonrepetitive data, it is entirely an accident if any two records resemble each other,
           either in content or structure.


           There are many examples of nonrepetitive data. Some examples of nonrepetitive data
           include the following:


               E-mails
               Call center information
               Health-care records
               Insurance claim information
               Warranty claim information

           Nonrepetitive information contains indicative information. But the indicative information
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