Page 232 - Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

196 Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

TABLE 7.1 Microphasor measurement unit (µPMU) requirements for
different application.
µPMU Resolution Accuracy Latency Continuity
application
Island Less than Phase angle Subsecond Continuous
one cycle accuracy up to latency
0.01 degree
Fault Less than Phasor absolute Order of 1 s Continuous
identification one cycle accuracy is a
and location limiting factor
Reconfiguration 1 s 99% Order of 1 s Continuous
Planning Less than 0.0001 p.u. No No
one cycle particular particular
latency continuity
Cyberattack Less than 99.50% Order of 1 s Continuous
one cycle
FIDVR Less than 99.50% Order of 1 s Continuous
one cycle
FIDVR, Fault-induced delayed voltage recovery.

October and December for the year 2015. The data can be accessed graphi-
cally through the website https://archive.upmu.org/ with username as LBNL
team and password as chocolateeclair. The data in .csv format can be down-
loaded from the website http://powerdata.lbl.gov/ [30,31].
The µPMU uses Ethernet and 4G LTE cellular network to transmit data
to the BTrDB server, where the data are stored. Researchers can inquire
about this data from the server and also plot the data in various time resolu-
tions. It also provides features such as locating maximum, minimum, or aver-
age value within a time frame and also enables the users to identify the
instants when the data exceeds or is less than a threshold values. Thus it pro-
vides the researchers a real-time view of the various events in the distribu-
tion system.

7.7 Conclusion
The PMUs have already ascertained its applicability in the stomping ground
of power transmission system. With the spread of the DGs at full length in
the power distribution grid and hence depleting it from its quasistationary
nature, µPMUs will become obligatory for the measurement, decision pro-
cess as well as protective part of the distribution system.