Page 433 - Design for Environment A Guide to Sustainable Product Development

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Timberland, 47, 294 General Motors (GM), 46, 81,
time to market, 7, 8, 71–72, 75, 78, 101, 102, 130, 241, 241–246,
384 370
time-based metrics, 110 overview, 235–236, 370–371
tipping point, 62–63 sustainable mobility research,
tires, 302, 314 236–237
toner, 127, 254 Toyota, 241, 246–247, 371
toolkits transportation life cycle, 237–241
design and DFE, xv, 183, 266, triexta, 261, 301
269 triple bottom line, 40–41, 55–56,
Eco-Design Toolkit, 266 102, 384
Lean/Six Sigma, 274 tropospheric ozone formation, 180
TRACI tool, 179–180 turbulence, 362
top-line growth, 57, 60
total cost assessment, 187 U
total material requirements uncertainty, 21, 52–53, 79
(TMR), 176 Unilever, 283, 286, 290–292
total quality management (TQM), Union Carbide, 49, 251
8–9, 73, 97, 384 United Kingdom, 31, 39, 162, 276,
tourism and recreational services, 282, 290, 299, 316, 344, 352
350–352 United Nations Children’s Fund
toxic constituent, 167 (UNICEF), 23
toxic or hazardous substances, 51, United Nations Conference on
90, 106, 134–138, 150, 185 Environment and
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), 35, Development (Earth Summit
109, 110, 135, 206, 321 1992), 21
toxicity, 137–138, 180, 209–210, United Nations Environment
253 Programme (UNEP), 40
Toyota, 241, 246–247, 371 United Nations Framework
Toyota Prius, 246, 371 Convention on Climate
traceability, 77, 113–114, 212 Change, 23
TRACI tool, 179–180 United Nations Marrakech
trade-off analysis, 92, 166, 169, Process, 359–360
189 United Nations voluntary codes
trade-off decisions, 78 and principles, 43
transparency. See also specific United States Climate Action
industries Partnership (USCAP), 46
defined, 384 United Technologies, 240
design rules/guidelines, 159–160 University of Michigan, 237
life-cycle assessment (LCA), University of Sydney, 267
178 University of West Virginia, 331
metrics, 99–100, 113–114 unsustainability, 124, 153, 360
shareholder value, 59, 61, 63 upgradeable design, 384
transportation industries, Upgrade-to-New Program, 206
235–248 UPS, 345–346, 372
DuPont, 46, 53, 102, 201, 241, upstream, 81, 87, 176, 178, 204,
242, 247–248, 260–261, 301 212–213