Page 64 - Design of Reinforced Masonry Structures

MASONRY UNITS: APPLICATIONS, TYPES, SIZES, AND CLASSIFICATION 2.17

mortar and grout used in the preparation of the masonry assemblage. The relationship
between the compressive strength of clay masonry units and the type of mortar is given
in Table A4 (App. A).

2.5.4 Visual Inspection
Requirements for visual inspection of the clay building bricks are also applicable to hol-
low bricks. Additionally, bricks used in exposed wall surfaces should have faces free of
unsightly cracks or other imperfections detracting from the appearance of a sample wall
when viewed from a distance of 15 ft for Type HBX and a distance of 20 ft for Types HBS
and HBA [2.30].

2.5.5 Paving Bricks
Bricks used for paving are produced both from clay as well as concrete. A variety of shapes,
sizes, and colors are available to conform to the desired theme of architecture and visual
effects. Clay bricks are generally in terra-cotta red. Availability of particular kind of paving
bricks should be checked with the local suppliers/manufacturers.
Paving bricks, also called pavers, are high strength, durable, and dense. Their manu-
facture and usage should conform to ASTM C62 [2.12], ASTM C216 [2.14], and ASTM
C902: Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick [2.16] for pedestrian and
light traffic usage and ASTM C 410: Specification for Industrial Floor Brick [2.21] for
industrial floors. Brick pavers are produced in many sizes; the most common, summarized
from Ref. [2.32], are shown in Table 2.6.
TABLE 2.6 Typical Brick Pavers Sizes* [2.32]

Width, in. Length, in. Height, in.
4 8 Varies according to manufacturer
and application, usually 1 1 ⁄ 4, 2 1 ⁄ 4,
3 5 ⁄ 8 7 5 ⁄ 8
2 5 ⁄ 8, or 2 3 ⁄ 4 in.
3 1 ⁄ 2 7 1 ⁄ 2
7 5 ⁄ 8 7 5 ⁄ 8
8 8
*
Check with manufacturers for availability of chamfers.

In the past, paving bricks were used to pave roads that carried iron-wheeled vehicular
traffic. In modern times, paving bricks are used for pedestrian traffic on the ground floors of
industrial, commercial, and residential buildings, walkways in shopping centers and malls.
Pavers can be arranged in many imaginative ways and colors, resulting in aesthetically
appealing patterns, several of which are shown in Fig. 2.11. Alternative sizes and shapes
can also be manufactured or cut from standard units. Figure 2.12 shows examples of radial
brick units which are often used to create curves or circles in the pavement.
Brick paving surfaces can be classified in two basic systems: mortarless and mortared.
Mortarless brick paving contains sand between the units which are laid on a variety of
materials. By contrast, mortared paving consists of units with mortar between the units
and always laid in a mortar setting bed. Bases of paving surfaces are classified as flex-
ible, semirigid, rigid, and suspended diaphragm [2.33]. Flexible brick pavements consist of